2018年中考英语复习专题十二英语句式和主谓一致

课件73张PPT。十二、英语句式和主谓一致考点1 简单句的五种类型及句子成分 【中考体验】 ①(2016·宿迁中考)The structure of the sentence “The students visited the museum. ”is_____. A. S+V　　　　　　 B. S+V+DO　 C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC【解析】选B。考查句子的基本类型。句意: 这个句子“The students visited the museum. ”的结构是什么? S+V“主语+谓语”; S+V+DO“主语+谓语+宾语”; S+V+IO+DO“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”; S+V+DO+OC“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。本句主语(S)是students, 谓语是及物动词(V)visited, museum是宾语(DO)。故选B。②(2016·大庆中考)The cake tastes_____and it is really delicious. A. well　　　B. badly　　　C. good　　　D. bad【解析】选C。考查系动词用法。句意: 蛋糕尝起来很好, 它确实很可口。well, 副词“好地”; badly副词“差地”; good形容词“好的”; bad形容词, “坏的”。taste“尝起来”为系动词, 后跟形容词作表语。根据it is really delicious可排除D。故选C。【知识归纳】注: S=主语, Vi=不及物动词, Vt=及物动词, P=表语, O=宾语, C=宾语补足语。【巧学妙记】句子成分歌诀 主谓宾表定状补, 七种成分记清楚。 句子主干主谓宾(表), 辅助成分定状补。 定语修饰名词代①, 状修动形还有副②。 主谓人称数一致, 宾语之后常有补。说明: ①定语可用来修饰名词或代词。例如: He is one of the most popular teachers in our school. ②状语可用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。例如: It was raining hard when they got home. 【易错警示】 　　含有双宾语的句子中, 指人的叫间接宾语, 指物的叫直接宾语。一般是间接宾语在前, 直接宾语在后。当直接宾语在前时, 常用介词“to”或“for”引出间接宾语。接to的动词有: give, bring, pass, lend, do, sell, read, hand, send, show, tell, write, pay等。例如: 　　He gave me his English book. = He gave his English book to me. 　　接for的动词有: buy, make, choose, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。例如: 　　My father bought me a new bike. = My father bought a new bike for me. 这正是: 人前物后看清楚, 换位要加for或to。另外, 当两个宾语都是代词时, 一定要把指物的代词放在前面。例如: Please give it to me. 请把它给我。(不能说: Please give me it. )考点2 四种疑问句的结构和答语 【中考体验】 ①(2017·随州中考)—Is the mobile phone new or old? —_____. I bought it only two days ago. A. It’s old B. It’s new C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn’t【解析】选B。考查选择疑问句。句意: ———这部手机是新的还是旧的? ———是新的, 我只是两天前买的。根据问句中的Is和or可知为选择疑问句, 不能用yes或no来回答, 故排除C、D两项; 结合答语中only two days ago可知强调手机是新的。故选B。②(2017·天水中考)—Don’t you go to school by bike? —_____. I walk to school every day. A. Yes, I don’t B. No, I do C. Yes, I do D. No, I don’t【解析】选D。考查否定疑问句。句意: ———你没骑自行车上学吗? ———是的, 我没有。我每天步行去上学。事实上是肯定的用yes回答, 事实上是否定的用no回答。根据答语可知, “我”不是骑自行车上学而是步行。故选D。③(2017·青岛中考)—_____do you go to a movie? —Twice a week. A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far【解析】选C。考查how引导的特殊疑问句。How long多长(询问长度); How soon多久(询问将来时间); How often多久一次(问频率); How far离……有多远(问距离, 路程)。根据答语可知, 问句问的是频率 ... ...