2019届高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专练专题十一　构词法

课件30张PPT。 专题十一　构词法考向分析 构词法包括合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写,名列高考大纲的语法项目表之中,其中合成法和派生法是重点,特别是派生法,是每年高考的高频考点之一,例如,形容词的副词形式、动词的名词形式、名词的形容词形式等。考点清单 一、合成法 单句改错 1.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16-years-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting. ?? 16-years-old→16-year-old ?? 答案　16-years-old→16-year-old　在带有连字符的复合形容词中,名词应用单数形式,故16-years-old改为16-year-old。2.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-months-old twin that had been rejected by its mother. three-months-old→three-month-old 答案　three-months-old→three-month-old　复合形容词three-months-old使用错误,名词应用单数形式。 3.Stephen Francis observed eighteen-years-old Shelly Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. ?? eighteen-years-old→eighteen-year-old ?? 答案　eighteen-years-old→eighteen-year-old　在题干中,eighteen-years-old错误,中间的名词years应用单数形式。 合成法是两个或两个以上的词按一定的规则合成一个新词的方法。这样的词被称为合成词。 1.合成形容词2.合成名词3.其他形式的合成词二、派生法 (一)形容词转换为副词 单句填空 1.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been 　 fairly ???? (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 答案　fairly　空格处在句中作状语,修饰形容词unpleasant,故填提示词的副词形式。 2.Dr. Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was 　 proba-bly ?? (probable) just another patient to her, to me she was more than just my doctor. 答案　probably　空格处在句中作状语,故空格处填副词probably。 3.(2015广东)　 Luckily ??? (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk ev-ery day. 答案　Luckily　空格处作状语,用于修饰整个句子,故空格处填提示词的副词形式。 单句改错 4.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. steady→steadily 答案　steady→steadily　句尾的词在句中作状语,用于修饰动词,故steady改为steadily。 1.派生法是在词根上添加后缀或前缀来变成新单词的方法,这样构成的单词被称为派生词。添加后缀往往改变词性,而添加前缀往往改变词义。 2.形容词转换为副词的常用后缀:[温馨提示] 1.注意以下形容词变副词的拼写 whole—wholly 完全地　　shy—shyly害羞地 dry—dryly干燥地　　good—well 好地 2.注意以-ly结尾的形容词 friendly友好的　　lovely 可爱的 lively生动的　　lonely 孤独的 deadly致命的　　monthly每月的 yearly每年的　　daily每日的 weekly每周的(二)形容词转换为名词 单句填空 1.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings ad-mirable is their 　 ability ???(able)to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 答案　ability　结合空前的形容词性物主代词their可知,空格处应填名词ability。 2.The line has a 　 length ??? (long) of 174 km as a double tracked passenger dedicated line, with ten stations situated along its route. 答案　length　根据空前的冠词可知,空格处应该填提示词的名词形式。 3.(2017河北衡水中学高三小二调)Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its 　 populari ... ...