2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题15：语法填空（解析版）

21世纪教育网 –中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题15：语法填空 1.（2018 卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years_____(long) than non-runners You don't have to run fast or for long_____(see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _____（die）early by running. While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it _____ (be)more effective at lengthening life _____walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _____showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _____(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise …… It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to _____(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always _____(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give _____a try. 【答案】longer；to see；dying；is；than；that/which；causes；strengthen；energetic；it/running 【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论跑步带来的好处。 ⑴考查形容词的比较等级。空后有than, 故此处用比较级longer。 ⑵考查非谓语动词。 句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为to see。 ⑶考查非谓语动词。 空前有介词of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为dying。 ⑷考查动词的时态和语态。句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实，it是第三人称单数，故答案为is。 ⑸考查连词。句中it指代running, 空后是walking,都是动名词，再根据句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效，故填连词than。 ⑹考查定语从句。 空处为关系代词作定语从句的主语，先行词为a study, published in 2014是过去分词短语作a study的定语，定语从句没有紧跟在先行词后，属于定语从句的隔离现象。故答案为that/which. ⑺考查名词单复数。cause(原因，起因)是可数名词，前面有all,all 后可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，接可数名词要用复数。故答案为causes. ⑻考查词性转换。空前有不定式符号to, 所以此处应该填strength的动词形式。故答案为strengthen。 ⑼考查词性转换。根据前面的is cheap,easy,所以后面的is 后也应为形容词energetic此处意思应为“有效的，效果显著的”，主语不是人，不能翻译为“精力充沛的”。故答案为energetic。 ⑽考查代词 give it a try 试一试，为固定短语，根据上文，此处it指代running。故答案为it/running。 【点评】语法填空题要求考生在特定的语境中，根据所提供的词汇和空格进行合乎形式、意义和逻辑的判断，既考查考生对基本词汇及语法的掌握，又考查其在具体语言环境中运用语言的能力。考点主要涉及到比较级（第一空）、非谓语（第二、三空）、主谓一致（第四空）、副词（第五空）、从属连词（第六空）、名词复数（第七空）、词形变化（第八、九空）、代词（第十空）等。 2.（2018 卷Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白 ... ...