Unit 5 Enjoy novels-语法篇 _____ _____ 1. 掌握独立主格的定义； 2. 掌握独立主格的解题方法； 独立主格结构 1. 构成: 独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词, 不定式, 名词, 代词, 形容词, 副词或介词短语)构成, 在语法上是一个独立的短语, 不是句子, 在意思上依附于整个句子。构成如下: (1) 名词(代词) + 现在分词, 过去分词 (2) 名词(代词) + 形容词 (3) 名词(代词) + 副词 (4) 名词(代词) + 不定式 (5) 名词(代词) + 介词短语 2. 独立主格结构的特点: (1) 独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句, 可表示时间, 原因, 条件, 行为方式或伴随情况; (2) 独立主格结构可置于句首, 也可以放在句尾; (3) 独立主格结构主要用于书面语; (4) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句中的语法主语不同, 不指同一个人或同一事物; (5) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; (6) 名词或代词与后面的分词, 形容词, 副词, 不定式, 介词等是主谓关系; (7) 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开 (8) 过去分词表示被动，逻辑主语承受动作；分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 e.g. 1) The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 2) The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 3) Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 4) He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 5) He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 3. with 的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时, 既可用分词的独立结构, 也可用with的复合结构。其结构如下: (1) with + 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语 (2) with + 名词/代词宾格 + 分词 (3) with + 名词/代词宾格 + 不定式 (4) with + 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词/副词 (5) with + 名词/代词宾格 + 名词 e.g. 1) The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 2) The classroom is very bright with all the lights turned on. 3) I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 4) Don’t talk with your mouth full. 5) He fought the tiger with a stick as his only weapon. 4. 独立主格结构的句法功能 (1) 作时间状语 e.g. The meeting over, they left the hall. (2) 作原因状语 e.g. My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was. (3) 作条件状语 e.g. Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you. (4) 描述伴随行为或补充说明 e.g. Mary entered the room, with a big apple in her hand. He stood there, with his hands in his pockets. 1. _____ her father, the little girl ran to him, her schoolbag _____ behind her. A. Seeing; flying B. Seen; flown C. To see; to fly D. Seeing; was flying 2. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _____ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 3. All his time_____ the local people out of poverty, he has no time for his sick mother. A. devoting to helping B. devoted to helping C. devoting to help D. devoted to help 4. The party will be held in the garden, weather _____ (permit). 5. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _____(have) a life span of around 20 years. 6. We _____(arrive)there, the sun was rising in the east. 7. All things _____(consider), her suggestion is of greater value than yours. 8. He got up late and hurried to his office, _____(leave) the breakfast un ... ...
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