高考一轮复习学案 第12讲 主谓一致(解析版+原卷版)

第 11 讲 主谓一致（原卷版） 主谓一致是历年高考试题中的考查内容之一，单纯考查主谓一致的情况较少，更多时候与动词的时态、语态结合考查，它主要以语法填空和短文改错的形式来呈现,包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致等。考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意意义一致原则，具体为：分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时的主谓一致和定语从句中的主谓一致情况。 一、定义 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。 二、三个原则 主谓一致坚持三个原则：语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 三、分类讲解 （一）语法一致原则： 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. (外研M2) Giving up using the Net is the best decision I' ve ever made. (北师大U4) What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle. (人教U1) Bushwalking,fishing,horse riding, tennis, golf and sailing are all popular. (北师大U12) 2、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including，in addition to;such as等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 如： The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend. Prounctation, as well as grammar and vocabu lary, changes very quickly from one area to another. (外研M4) 3、不定代词作主语 主语为 one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone，anyone,everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时,谓语用单数形式。 如: London knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth. (北师大U22) Everyone was calm. (北师大⑧U23) One is from the USA and the other two are from the UK.(译林⑥U3) Another is to ensure all children complete primary education.(译林⑥U4) 4、定语从句中关系代词作主语 在定语从句关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 如：We saw abadoned?farms?which?were?built?more?than?a?hundred?years?ago. (外研社M3) I turned?around?and?glared?at?the?person?who?was?humming.(北师大U13) 5、以s结尾的名词作主语 1 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 如：My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 2 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn’t easy to study. 6、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 如：There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. （二）逻辑意义一致原则： 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致；因为有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时主语形式为复数，但意义为单数。 1、what, who, which, any ... ...