中考英语专项复习： 主谓一致(共35张)

课件35张PPT。Revision概念: 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致三原则语法一致原则： 指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式. Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.意义一致原则： 指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记. 指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 就近一致原则： 指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致. Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 提 示： 一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.名词作主语 1. 单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk is Tom’s. Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground. 2. 某些集体名词，如family, team, club， class，public， group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。 His family is a happy one.??The whole family are watching TV.?? 3. 某些集体名词，如people, police, clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必 须用复数。 The police are searching for the thief.? 4. 单、复数同形的名词如 sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese 主语时，谓 语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 A sheep is over there.?? Some sheep are over there.?? 5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。 The doctor’s is across the street.?? My uncle’s is not far from here.?? 常见的省略名词有：the baker’s（面包房）, the barber’s（理发店）, the Zhang’s（张家）等。 注: the ＋姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。 The Greens are having breakfast now. 6. 表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。 The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table. 但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes was under the desk.? Two pairs of shoes were under the desk. 7．当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 The United States lies in North America. 8．news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数. No news is good news. Maths is very popular in our class 连接词连接的名词作主语 1． 用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 Plastics and rubber never rot.?? Walking and riding are good exercises.?? 注：A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或 同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。 这种情况常有两种结构形式： a.+n.+and+n，指的是同一个人或物； a.+n.+and +a.+n.，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. B：由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由e ... ...