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高考英语一轮复习学案 第18讲 动词不定式(解析版+原卷版)

日期:2024-04-30 科目:英语 类型:高中学案 查看:46次 大小:4142592Byte 来源:二一课件通
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高考,动词,原卷版,解析,不定式,英语
    第18讲 动词不定式(原卷版) 2018年高考英语考试大纲对语言知识的考查中明确规定:要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5),其中附录2语法项目表第12个条目是非谓语动词,其中包含对动词不定式的考查。高考主要以语法填空和短文改错形式,放在篇章当中结合上下文语境,主要考查不定式的作用和形式。其中在作用方面,主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词;作定语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词;它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面,主要考查用是完成式、主动式不是被动式等。这一部分是英汉差异较大的部分,汉语中没有非谓语动词形式,所以教师在一轮复习时要帮助学生抓住基础,把握要点,找准突破点,夯实易错点。 1-6观察to do在句中所作成分;7-12观察to do的各种形式及省略。1.?It?is?terrible?to?see?the?ship?sinking?into?the?sea. 2.?Do?you?think?it?necessary?for?us?to?learn?to?wait? 3.?The?old?mans?job?is?to?take?care?of?the?flowers?in?the?garden. 4.He told me not to bring you anything. 5.In my dreams I always have very different jobs to do. 6.In?his?third?year,?he?left?Harvard?to?work?for?a?company?called?Microsoft. 7.?She?pretended?not?to?see?me?when?I?passed?by. 8.IDS?is said to have been the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. 9.Hurry up!He is sure to be waiting for us. 10.-You should have thanked her before you left. -I?meant?to,?but?when?I?was?leaving?I?couldn't?find?her?anywhere. 11.-Has?he?finished?his?homework? -He ought to have,but?he?played?all?the time. 12.-Tina?has?changed?a?lot?since?she?became?a?senior?high?grade?three?students. -Yes.?She?is?no?longer?what?she?used?to?be. to do在句子中所做成分 to do的否定形式 to do的完成形式 to do的进行形式 to do的省略 【深思熟虑】 to do在句子中所做成分:1.真正主语2.真正宾语 3.表语 4.宾补5.目的状语6.主补 to do的否定形式: not to do to do的完成形式: to have done to do的进行形式: to be doing to do的省略: mean to; ought to; used to be 从以上句子中含义可以看出,动词不定式可以充当各种句子成分,在句中有不同的功能和作用;从句子中形式可以看出,根据语境和表达的需要,动词不定式也有不同的形式。本节会分类讲解,总结规律,抓住特征,参透语法,从而提升学生使用动词不定式的能力。 一、不定式的构成与特征 动词不定式的英语名称为“The?Infinitive”,一般由“to+动词原形”构成。它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也保留着动词的一些特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语。如: At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men'l0- metre hurdles. 在2004年雅典奥运会上,刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中成为第一个获得金牌的亚洲人,使全亚洲人兴奋不已。(不定式起形容词的作用,带有宾语和状语) (译林U2) 二、不定式的功能与用法 1、作主语 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,我们常用it作形式主语,而把不定式移至句尾,以保持句子平衡。如: It’s not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。(外研M2) It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.很难想象出一个比这(南极洲)更不宜居 住的地方. (外研M1) 2、作表语 His ambition is to become an actor.他的理想是成为一名演员 ... ...

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