外研版必修5 Module 1 British and American English非谓语动词做状语专项突破

非谓语动词作状语专项突破 一 、不定式短语作状语 不定式短语作状语是高考考察的热点之一，也是难点之一。要理解不定式作状语我们必须要明白以下几点。①可以做什么状语②不定式的动作行为与主句主语的关系③不定式短语如何转化为一个相应的状语从句。 一般来说不定式在句中通常做目的，原因和结果状语下面分别举例说明： ①不定式做目的状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。放在句首时，需要加逗号与句子隔开，放在句末时不需要隔开。 如To catch the first bus, Li Lei started out early. Mom opened the window to let some fresh air in. 注意为了强调目的状语，可以用in order to do 或者 so as to do。 In order to do 前后均可，而 so as to do只能放在后面。 如Mom opened the window so as to let some fresh air in. ②不定式做原因状语往往要放在表示人的喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词或分词之后。这些形容词有angry,anxious,content,clever,cruel,delighted,disappointed,excited,foolish,glad,happy,pleased,pound,ready,sorry,surprised,willing,fortunate,right,wrong,foolish,luck,quick,slow等。注意不要用逗号隔开。 如 I am glad to see you. Many people are content to live a simple life. ③不定式作结果状语 What she has said to make you so sad ? 注意下面几种情况。 Only to do表示出人意料的结果 如we hurried to the railway station only to find the train had left. be/do+adj/adv+enough to…… 意思是……足够…… 如The ice is thick enough to walk on. The children are old enough to take care of themselves. 在so/such……as to do结构中，意为‘如此……以至于……’ 如I am not such a fool as to believe a cheat. He is so kind as to help the old lady off the bus. 一般说来不定式作状语的逻辑主语必须是主句主语，主句主语和不定式的动词存在着动作上的主谓和动宾关系。因此不定式短语作状语可以转化为相应的状语从句。 现在分析三例：（划横线的主语保持一致） To catch the first bus, Li Lei started out early. 等于Li Lei started out early in order that(so that) he can catch the first bus. Many people are content to live a simple life. 等于because many people live a simple life, they are content. His father went to Taiwan in 1949, never to be heard from. 等于His father went to Taiwan in 1949 so that he wasn’t be heard from. 练习把下面的不定式作状语改写为相应的状语从句并标明是什么状语。 (目的状语可以用in order that,so that结果状语可以用so that,so……that,such……that引导) To grow more crops, the farmers destroyed the forest. I’m here to tell you a piece of good news. Sue felt disappointed not to have been invited. The people jumped with joy to hear the good news. The boy arrived at the school, only to be told it was Sunday. I’m not such a fool as to believe a cheat. He is so kind as to help the old lady off the bus. 二、现在分词(V-ing)作状语?? 现在分词的结构：一般式：doing; 一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not或never 注意事项：A:动词-ing形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的。 B:句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。 I. 句法功能 1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 1).Being ill, she didn’ ... ...