中考语法专题系列-情态动词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 Chapter Six 情态动词 情态动词的用法： 情态动词主要在英语中表示一种情绪，不能像实义动词（have, take等）一样直接做句子谓语，必须和动词原形构成句子的谓语结构,可直接提前到句子前引导一般疑问句。 Students should respect teachers. 学生应该尊重教师 Should students respect teachers? 情态动词详解： Can的用法，否定为can’t 1.表示一种能力：I can speak English. 2.表示“可以”：You can ask me for help. 此用法相当于may. May/can I have a rest? 3. can’t: (1)表不可以，不能够。 I can’t speak English. You can’t swim here. (2)表推测：不可能 如：That boy can’t be Jack. Because he has gone to America. (重点考点） 4.could:比can更加委婉，也可用于can的过去式。Could引导一般疑问句，用can回答。 Could I go out tonight? -- Yes, you can. No, you can’t. Jack asked his mom whether he could go out tonight. May的用法，否定为may not 1.表示“可以”：May I come in? 2.表推测：可能 如：That boy may be Jack. But I’m not sure. 3.注意may, maybe, may be的用法区别 You may come tomorrow. May 为情态动词，后还需要加动词原形构成谓语。 Maybe she will come tomorrow. Maybe为副词，不能做句子谓语，常放在句首或者主语谓语之间。 She may be a teacher. May be 构成谓语结构“可能是” 4.might:比may更加委婉，也可用于may的过去式，也可表推测。 Tom might know the answer. must的用法，无时态变化。 1.must表示“必须”主观意愿，have to 表“不得不”客观因素(一般题干会给出一个外界因素前提） It’s raining hard outside, so we have to stay at home. 2.表推测：‘一定...’，表示肯定的推测。(重点考点） That book must be Mary’s, because her name is on it. 3.must引导的一般疑问句。 否定回答：No, you needn’t/ don’t have to 肯定回答：Yes, you must./have to 4.注意：mustn’t表示“禁止” 如：You mustn’t swim here. need的用法: 1.表“需要”，用于肯定句中为实义动词，后+to do形式做宾语，有时态变化。 We need to find a place to rest. 我们要找个地方休息。 2.用于否定句和疑问句中为情态动词，后接动词原形做句子谓语，无时态变化。 You needn’t finish the work today. Need I bring something? 其他情态动词的用法: 1.should 表示“应该”，否定为 shouldn’t ，无时态变化。 Students shouldn’t be allowed to bring mobile phones to school. Ought to 属于半情态动词，也表示“应该”。 We ought to finish the work today. 2.would表“将来，宁愿”，可作为will的过去式,构成过去将来时态，常用于宾语从句中。 I would study hard. She asked me where I would go tomorrow. Had better 表示“最好...”，为半情态动词，无时态变化，后接动词原形。（重点考点） We had better not argue with our parents. 专题演练 1．[2017·长沙]—Philips, _____ you make so much noise when your little sister is sleeping? —Sorry, Mom. I'll stop right away. A．can B．may C．must 2．[2017·永州]—Must we finish the homework now? —_____. Our teacher doesn't ask us to. A．Yes, we must B．No, we mustn't C．No, we needn't 3．[2017·株洲]We _____ build our country into a country of peace, a country of wealth, a country of opening up. A．might B．should C．could 4．[2017·龙东]—Look! The man at the school gate _____ be our headmaster. He is always standing there to welcome ... ...