中考语法专题系列-定语从句

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 Chapter Eleven 定语从句 定语从句概述： 定语是用于修饰名词，中文表达为“......的”放在被修饰词的前面。在英文表达中，定语视复杂程度分为前置定语（放在被修饰词前，常为形容词、名词、代词、单个doing或者done）,后置定语（放在被修饰词后，常为to, 介词短语和定语从句）。定语从句用于定语中含有动词或动词短语时，无法用介词短语或者单个形容词、名词或代词表达时，放于被修饰名词后。 例：(坐在树下的)那个男孩是我哥哥。 定语中含有动词短语 The boy who is sitting under the tree is my brother. 被修饰的名词叫“先行词”，从句的连词叫“关系词”，按照关系词在从句中所充当的成分分为关系代词（which/that/who/whom/whose）和关系副词(where/when/why)。 定语从句考点--关系代词： 一、当被修饰的名词指“物”，可选择which/that，两者在从句中做主语或宾语。 如：The movie which/that I watched last night was funny. The movie which/that taught me a lesson was nice. 注意：which和that用法的区别，语法书中需要背N条规则，其实搞定下面两点即可。 1.在非限定性定语从句中（即从句和被修饰词用逗号隔开），选用which. 例：The book, _which_ I bought last week, was worth reading. 2.当从句中介词放于关系词前时，选用which. 例：The school in__which__ I stayed for 4 years in is being rebuilt now. 我呆过四年的学校现在正在重建。 从句中的介词in提前至关系代词前。 其他情况，如果先行词是指“物”，从句缺少主语或宾语，which和that同时出现，则选用that, 写作时避免用错，尽量使用that. 当被修饰的名词指“人”，可选择who/that/whom，其中who和that可在从句中做主语和宾语，而whom只能在从句中做宾语，即大多数情况下who和that可替代whom。 例：The boy_who/that__ helped the old man was praised by his teacher. 此句从句缺主语 The old man_who/that/whom_ the boy helped was saved by the doctor in time. 此句从句缺宾语 注意：三者的用法区别，记住下面几点就搞定！ 从句中介词放于关系词前只能用whom。 例：The boy with __whom__ I just talked with is my roommate. 当先行词是指人的one, ones，anyone, those或被those修饰时，只能用who. 当先行词是人称代词he, she等，只能用who. 例：God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助 He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后者笑得最好。 在非限定性定语从句中，即从句和被修饰词隔开。 The boy, __who__ told me the secret, was Jack. 在中考中，除了上述情况，先行词指人，从句中缺主语或宾语，who, that, whom同时出现选that. Whose的用法，表示“谁的”,从句中不缺主语和宾语，空后面的名词属于被修饰词，既可用于先行词是人也可是物。关系词后的名词属于前面名词。 例：The man whose hair is green is an actor. 头发属于人 The book whose color is yellow is mine. 颜色属于书本 定语从句考点--关系副词 关系副词包括where, when, why，在从句中做状语，从句中不缺主语和宾语。 考察重点：区分关系代词和关系副词 例：I still remember the day __which/that__ I spent with her for the first time. I still remember the day _when__ I stayed with her for the first time. 区分办法: 看从句中是否缺宾语，将先行词放至从句中的动词或介词后进行确定。如果缺宾语则选择which/that, 反之选when/ where/ why The place_____ I visited last week is wonderful. 从句缺宾语 The place_____ I paid a visit is wonderful. 从句缺地点状语 答案：which; where 定语从句考点中其他考 ... ...