高中英语虚拟语气归纳及练习题 （无答案）

虚拟语气 一、语气（Mood）的定义和种类 l、语气：是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类： （1）陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： We don’t have dinner in that restaurant. What an adorable baby it is! （2）祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the window, please. Take care of your suitcase. （3）虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were you, I should study English well. May you succeed! 二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will climb the mountain. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have told you about that. 如果他昨天见到你，他会告诉你那件事的。 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。列表如下： 从句 主句 例句 与现在事实相反的假设 If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had） 主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 与过去事实相反的假设 If +主语+had+过去分词 主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. 与将来事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+were to+动词原形 If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would) 主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如： If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。 2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如： If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。 3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如： If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would,could,might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。 If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。 4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如： If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。If?you?had?gone?to?bed?early?last?night,?you?would?not?be?so?sleepy?now. 5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式 （1）省略连词if,构成主谓倒装。 在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to call me back. Were I you (If I were you), I would not miss the plane. （2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如： Without air (If there ... ...