人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题十三 复合句

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题十三 复合句 考情总结 　分析近10年中考真题可知,宾语从句为河南中考的高频考点,主要在单项选择中考查,宾语从句的三要素:语序、时态、引导词均有涉及;定语从句是中考的必考点,主要考查that, which,who引导的限定性定语从句;对状语从句的考查都会与从属连词相结合,主要在状语从句中考查从属连词的辨析及应用。 考点1 宾语从句 ?语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序,即"连接词+主语+谓语+其他"。陈述句作宾语从句时,应用原陈述语序;疑问句作宾语从句时,原来的倒装语序也要改为陈述语序。如: ① “She is a good student,” the teacher told us. =The teacher told us(that)she was a good student. 老师告诉我们她是一个好学生。 ②Where does he live? Do you know? =Do you know where he lives?你知道他住在哪里吗? 易失分点 (1)"What's wrong/the matter(with sb.)?"作宾语从句时,其本身就是陈述语序。如: He asked me what was the matter with you. 他问我你怎么了。 (2)当两个或多个由that引导的宾语从句由并列连词and连接时,除第一个从句中的that可省略外,其余从句中的that都不可省略。如: He said (that) the book was interesting and that all the children liked reading it. 他说这本书很有趣,并且所有孩子都喜欢读。 ?时态 ①I don't know when he left last night. 我不知道昨晚他何时离开的。 ②Tell him when we will start. 告诉他我们将什么时候出发。 ①Alex said he would go to London. 亚历克斯说他要去伦敦。 ②He didn't say where he had been before. 他没有说他之前去过什么地方。 ①My teacher said that the moon moves round the earth. 我的老师说过月亮围着地球转。 ②Everyone knows that there are sixty minutes in an hour. 大家都知道一个小时有60分钟。 ?引导词 引导词 作用 例句 that 本身无意义,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,可省略 Do you think (that) we will have good weather? 你认为我们会遇上好天气吗? 连接代词:what, whom, which, whose, who等 在从句中作一定成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等 ①He asked me whose coat it was. 他问我这是谁的外套。 ②Do you know who broke the window? 你知道是谁打碎了窗户吗? 连接副词:when, where, how, why等 在从句中作状语 ①The scientist explained how the system worked. 这位科学家解释了该系统是如何运作的。 ②—Do you know when the meeting will begin? 你知道会议将在什么时候开始吗? —At 10:00 a.m. 上午十点。 if/whether 意为"是否",不作句子成分,但不可省略 I asked if/whether they would win the match. 我问他们能否赢得比赛。 提分速记 if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为"是否",但以下几种情况只能用whether: (1)宾语从句在介词之后时。如: It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. 这取决于明天是否会下雨。 (2)后面直接跟or not时。如: I don't know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 (3)与动词不定式连用时。如: Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one. 在你决定是否要买一件物品之前,先查看一下价格。 (4)宾语从句提前,位于句首时。如: Whether they can come here on time, we don't know. 他们能否按时来这儿,我们不知道。 (5)用if会产生歧义时。如: Please tell me if you need help. 这句话有两种意思:如果你需要帮助请告诉我。/请告诉我你是否需要帮助。若用whether只能表达第二种意思。 得分巧记 whether和if的异同 二者选一表“是否” , if, whether均可用, whether跟在介词后,小心if生歧义。 可说whether or not,却 ... ...