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高中非谓语动词讲解 练习 答案

日期:2024-05-01 科目:英语 类型:高中试卷 查看:93次 大小:119296Byte 来源:二一课件通
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高中非,中非,谓语,动词,讲解,练习
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非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词) 不定式 1、 不定式的作用 1、 作主语 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如: It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 (2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较: It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错) To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对) (3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用 for. 2、 作宾语 (1) 动词+不定式。如: He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语) 注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 (2) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如: I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next. I can’t decide when to go there. 注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如: I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 3、 作宾语补足语 (1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。如: He warned me to be careful. I want you to speak to Tom. What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式) 注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage (2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如: We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态) (3) There +不定式。如: We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 注意:(1)有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如: We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。 (2)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如: They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. (3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him (to)clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. 4、 作定语 不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如: I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系) He is looking for a room to live in.(动状关系) He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系) He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系) 注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如: Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短 ... ...

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