（人教版）高中英语选修七 Unit 4 Sharing复习限制性定语从句及语法讲解

复习限制性定语从句 概念引入 定语从句是我们从初中学到高一，又从高一学到高二，可能是出现最频繁的语法项目，在这个单元里，我们复习一下定语从句的用法，重点复习运用限制性定语从句时的注意要点。 先看下面句子： 1. I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talked about. 2. The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows. 3. We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 4. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars. 这些句子中斜体词部分就是定语从句，其中句1中包括两个定语从句：① which引导的修饰photos；② the places后的I talked about是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰the places。句2中who引导的定语从句修饰boys；句3中是where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge；句4中I could see是省略了引导词that的定语从句修饰possessions。 下面我们就来对限制性定语从句的用法进行梳理和总结。为了不影响分析，下文中简单的句子，就不译成汉语了 用法讲解 定语从句及相关名词的定义 1. 什么是定语从句？ 指在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 2. 先行词： 即被修饰的名词、代词或短语，定语从句通常置于在先行词之后。 3. 引导词： 定语从句的引导词也称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两种，放定语从句前，引出定语从句。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作一定的成分。 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 关系副词：when, where, why (此处为空白，为了表格完整留出) 关系代词和关系副词的用法 常见关系代词和关系副词用法表 先行词 物 人 人、物 地点 时间 reason 从句中的成分 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 定语 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 关系代词 which √ √ that √ √ √ √ who √ √ whom √ whose √ 关系副词 where √ when √ why √ 注：as用法特殊，没有列入表中。 选择关系代词的步骤： 1. 找到定语从句和先行词； 2. 把先行词放定语从句中确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分，注意介词的位置； 3. 确定是否是特殊用法； 4. 选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。 小口诀： 一看指人还是物 二看介词在何处 三看句中作何用 四看是否属特殊 试填细解 试在下面句子中填入关系词： This is the detective ____ came from London. The lady ____ they wanted to visit is a scientist. The book ____I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. This is the room ____ Shakespeare was born in. The desk ____ leg is broken is very old. I will never forget the day ____ I met the famous astronaut. Everyone wants to visit the place ____ Premier Zhou once worked. We don’t know the reason ____they didn’t keep their promise. 分析： This is the detective who/that came from London.先行词是人，关系词代表先行词在从句中作主语，填入who或that。 The lady whom/that they wanted to visit is a scientist.先行词是人，关系词代表先行词在从句中作宾语，填入whom或that。 The book which/that I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 先行词是物，关系词代表先行词在从句中作宾语，填入which或that。 This is the room that/which Shakespeare was born in. 先行词是物，关系词代表先 ... ...