人教版英语初中九年级上册知识讲解，巩固练习（教学资料，补习资料）：Unit 6 When was it invented?第3课时Grammar（含答案）

重点 一般过去时的被动语态 （Page 44） 1. 一般过去时的被动语态： (1)一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were + 及物动词的过去分词。 ?The desk was made by my father. 这张桌子是由父亲做的。 (2) 句式变化：肯定句：主语 + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? 回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. 2. 各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以动词give为例） 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am is given are am is being given are has been given have 过去 was given were was being given were had been given 将来 shall be given will shall have been given will 过去将来 should be given would should have been given would 含有情态动词 can/should/must/could/may be given 3. 被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用： （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。 ?Such books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的。 ?We haven’t been told about it. 没有人通知我们这件事。 （2）强调动作的承受者（这时可带由by引起的短语）。 ?The book was written by Mo Yan. 这本书是由莫言写的。 ?Man—made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 许多国家已向太空发射了人造卫星。 （3）处于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。 ?He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well. 他被要求作关于怎样学好英语的报告。 【助记】 【顺口溜】 一般过去时，被动用be＋done； be形式有两种，主单was主复were； 疑问提前be，否定be后not挤。 4. 被动语态的注意事项： (1)＂主语+连系动词 + 表语＂的句子没有被动语态。 (2)there be结构没有被动语态。 (3)主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。 (4)句子是主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说，不及物动词没有被动语态。 (5)有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。 ?He looks after his younger sister. His younger sister is looked after by him. 他照看他妹妹。 (6) 在主动语态中，在make， hear，see，watch，notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中，to不可省略。 ?We saw a stranger enter the hall. A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us. 我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。 （7）被动语态结构中的be用was还是用were。 主语的单复数决定be用was还是用were。 【典例】So many trees and beautiful flowers _____ in this area in 2014. A. were planted B. was planted C. are planted 【答案】A 【解析】本题用主谓一致法解题。根据句子的时间状语in 2014可知本句应用一般过去时，主语trees and flowers是复数，be应用were。 （8）在主动语态中make，see等动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。 【典例】Though he often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cry D. to cry；cry 【答案】A （9）在主动语态中，动词短语中的介词在变为被动语态时，仍要跟在原动词之后。 【典例】Old people weren’t _____ good _____ in the past. A. take；care of B. taken；care C. took；care D. taken；care of 【答案】D 【解析】考查固定短语。take care of照顾，照料，在被动语态中不能漏掉介词。 （10）主动语态若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，间接宾语(人)和直接宾语(物)都可 ... ...