状语从句 在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely...when, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。 1.表示“一···就···”的句型 1) as soon as/once As soon as he arrives, I'll call you.他一到，我就给你打电话。（as soon as 侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表示“一旦...”） 2) on doing sth/on one's + n.作时间状语 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。 On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱。 3) no sooner ...than , hardly/scarcely...when 它们表“一…就”。结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。） No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang. 我一进屋，电话就响了。 注意 当no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装，如： I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我刚到车站，车就开走了。 I had scarcely（hardly）entered the room when the phone rang. 4）the moment, the instant, the minute, the second The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 我一看见他，就认出了他。 We'll leave the minute you are ready. 你一准备好，我们就出发。 5)有些副词如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从句。 I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我刚走，钟就敲了五点。 2. when, while, as引导时间状语从句 1) when的用法 ①when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。 I was thin when I was a child. 当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。 It was raining when I arrived.我到达时，天正在下雨。 ②在when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语相同或为it，且从句有be动词，则从句可省主语和be动词，如： When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man. 当你有麻烦时，可以找这个人。 She is always listening to music when（she is) doing her homework. 当她做作业时，总是听音乐。 ③when在下列结构中, 译成“这时”,它引导的是并列句 be about to do ... when, be doing ... when, had done ···when, be on one's way ... when, be on the point of doing ... when（参见“连词”部分when的用法） 2）while用法 while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于during the time that.... My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。 I am safe while I am here.我在这儿的时候，我很安全。 注意 while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然···但”讲。 I like watching TV, while he likes reading. 我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。 While he has his own car, he often uses mine. 尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。 ... ...
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