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课件网) 第一讲 一、句子的成分和基本句型 二、句子的种类 三、写作：接受便条 一、句子的成分和基本句型 1．句子的成分 主语+谓语=主题成分 ‖ 表语+宾语（直接/间接宾语）+宾语补足语 定语+状语 =次要部分 ① 主语subject 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in NO. 1 Middle School． The classroom is very clean． Three were absent． To teach them English is my job. It is may job to teach them English. 不定式作主语时， 常用形式主语it句型 ②谓语predicate 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致，它在主语后面。 His parents are doctors． She looks well． We study hard． We have finished reading the book． He can speak English． ③表语predicative 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before． I am a teacher． Every body is here. They are at home now． My job is to teach them English． 感官动词 ■ look ■ taste ■ smell ■ sound ■ feel 表示状态 ■ become ■ remain ■ keep ■ prove ■ get ■ turn ■ grow ■ appear ■ seem ④宾语object 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now． He often helps me． He likes to sleep in the open air． We enjoy living in China． ⑤宾语补足语object complement “宾语+宾语补足语” =复合宾语 ?If you let me go, I’ll make you king. ?Leave the door open. ?We found Li Ming out when we arrived. ?Make yourself at home. ?I saw a stranger enter the building. ?The boss kept them working all day. ?Yesterday he got his leg broken. ⑥状语adverbial 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式程度等意义，一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully． Without his help，we couldn’t work it out． (In order) to catch up with my classmates，I must study hard． ⑦定语attributive 定语用来修饰名词或代词，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语，不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。。 The black bike is mine． What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. I have something to do. 2．五种基本句型 种类 句型 主语 S 谓语部分 谓语动词V 表语P 宾语O 宾语 补足语OC 第1种 S+V We work.(不及物) 第2种 S+V+O He plays(及物) the piano 第3种 S+V+P We are(系动词) Students. 第4种 S+V+IO（间接宾语） +DO（直接宾语） She gave(及物) me a pen. 第5种 S+V+O+OC He made(及物) the boy laugh 句子成分的表示法 S: Subject（主语） OC: Object Complement（宾语补足语，简称宾补） V: Verb（动词） IO: Indirect Object（间接宾语，简称间宾） O: Object（宾语） DO: Direct Object（直接宾语，简称直宾） P: Predicative（表语） ①第1种句型S+V 主语＋谓语（不及物动词） ?He runs in the park. ?Class begins. ?We begin our class at 8. vi:必背p.6 sl ... ...
