中考专区 二轮专题-------初中英语语态讲解

语态知识梳理 知识点1：被动语态的构成 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are+p.p am/is/are+being+ p.p have/has+been + p.p 过去时 was/were+ p.p was/were+being+ p.p had +been + p.p 将来时 shall/will+be+p.p shall/will+have been+ p.p 注意：含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时，由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”构成。 知识点2：几种特殊形式的被动语态的构成 1．短语动词的被动语态 通常只有及物动词才有被动语态，但有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，但短语动词是一个不可分隔的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 Have you sent for the doctor?→Has the doctor been sent for? 注意：主动结构的谓语动词为“不及物动词+名词+介词”构成的及物的短语动词时，通常把它看成一个整体。但也可将这类短语动词本身的名词用作主语，构成被动语态，尤其是在名词前有定语修饰时。 Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill. You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.→More attention should be paid to your pronunciation. By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 2．Get型被动语态 被动语态的基本形式是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。但在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。 （1）get+及物动词的过去分词 get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生”等意义。 Be careful when you cross this very busy street．If not，you may get run over by a car． He got wounded in the battle. The boy got hurt on his way home from work. （2）get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。 The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正） The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误) （3）get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感彩 He got taught a lesson.（有“活该”之意） How did the window get closed.（有“不该关上”之意） （4）get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。 She got tired.（有开始感到疲劳的含义） She was tired. (只表示“她累了”) 知识点3：主动形式表被动含义 1. 是及物又是不及物的动词。 如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lock, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, iron, dry, eat heat, clean等；此类动词常接副词作状语（有些可以不加）。 Books of this kind sell well. The door won't shut. 2. 系动词 系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear,remain等。此类动词常接形容词作表语。 -Do you like the material? -Yes, it feels very soft. The dish tastes good. 3. need等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式 need, want, require，stand, take, won’t bear, repay, deserve等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式，表示被动意义 ... ...