新教材2019-2020学年上学期高一假期自主预习新知3 Unit1 Knowing me, knowing you period3（Grammar）

1.学习并掌握本课时的核心语法———过去分词作状语。 2.在不同语篇中能理解并能分析句子结构，从而提高语言能力。 【探究发现】 观察并比较下列三组句子： 1.①Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. ②Given better attention, the trees could grow better. ③Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. 2.①Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.＝ Because I was hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. ②I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency.＝ I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, and was absorbed by its efficiency. 3.①When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”. ②The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it. 【探究发现】 (1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的 关系。 (2)第一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中作：① 状语；② 状语；③ 状语。 (3)比较第二组句子可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)可以转化成相应的 从句或 句。 (4)从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或让步的状语，可用“ ＋ ”结构。可用于该结构中的从属连词有：when, once, while, if, unless, as if, as, than, though, although等。 【答案】 （1）动宾/被动 （2）原因；条件；伴随情况或方式 （3）状语；并列 （4）从属连词；过去分词 【知识详解】 一、过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 1.作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。 When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。 2.作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列句。 Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. ＝ Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching. ＝ John was absorbed in painting, so he didn't notice evening approaching. 由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3.作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. 如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。 4.作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether ... or等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.＝ Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望。 5.作方式、伴随状语 相当于and连接的并列句。 She accepted the gift, deeply moved.＝ She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. 她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。 【名师点津】 值得注意的是，有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost (迷路)；seated (坐)；hidden (躲)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in (穿着)；tired of (厌烦)。 Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 (1)用所给词的适当形式 ... ...