第4讲 词义猜测题 [小题夯基练] 1．(2020·潍坊调研)“I know that，Kim.And please，call me Bill.But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas.I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going.I don't need a ‘yes man’．You never tell me what you think.You just smile as though everything is fine.” “But，”said Kim，“I feel that since you are my superior，it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.” Q：The word“presumptuous”in the passage is close in meaning to “_____”． A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet 解析：B [本题考查对生词presumptuous意思的猜测。根据生活常识可知，对于长辈和上司，随意称呼他们的名字和直接提意见是傲慢无礼的。故选B项。] 2．(2019·衡水高考预测)Helen's attitude toward dealing with criminals has changed over the years.She used to believe that everyone could change and deserved a second chance.She now believes that some crimes are so heinous that those responsible should be shown no mercy. Q：What does the underlined word“heinous”mean? A．Guilty. B．Terrible. C．Accidental. D．Unimportant. 解析：B [这个句子使用了so...that...句式，表示“如此……以至于……”。根据语境和结果“有罪的人不应该被给予同情”可以推知，不同情他们的原因是他们的罪行太深，故heinous的意思应该是“极恶毒的，道德败坏的”。故选B项。] 3．(2018·北京卷D篇)A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol?powered private cars worldwide with electric，self?driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride?hailing services, considering the cost of self?driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)．.. Q：What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Employed. B．Replaced. C．Shared. D．Reduced. 解析：A [fielded常用作名词，表示“地；场地；领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“使用，应用”之意。根据上下文可知，此处表示“考虑到无人驾驶技术的成本和责任与维护问题，叫车服务(公司)将运用第一批可使用的商业无人驾驶汽车”。故选A项。] 4．(2019·山东省联考)We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. … Q：What does the underlined word“that”in this passage refer to? A．Their belief. B．Their care for children. C．Their success. D．Their support for each other. 解析：A [本题考查代词的指代含义，属于广义的词义猜测题。代词指代的大都是前面已经出现的名词，为了避免重 ... ...
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