被动语态（一） 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 ★常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式 被动语态 一般现在时 be (am / is / are) +过去分词 一般过去时 be的过去式 (was / were) +过去分词 一般将来时 will + be +过去分词????? 过去将来时 would + be +过去分词 现在进行时 be (am / is / are) + being +过去分词 过去进行时 be的过去式 (was / were) + being +过去分词 现在完成时 have / has + been +过去分词 过去完成时 had + been +过去分词 含有情态动词 情态动词+ be +过去分词 ★动词不定式的被动式 【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法，然后加以总结。 1. It's nice to be wanted. 2. The books are to be sent to the young children. 3. She didn't like to be treated as a child. 4. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack. 5. They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves. 6. He didn't want the subject to be mentioned in the letter. 7. Forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt in the accident. 【自我归纳】 1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式有两种：①一般式的被动式：to be done（句1-句6）；②完成式的被动式：_____（句7）。 2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语（句1）、表语（句2）、宾语（句3）、_____（句4）、状语（句5）、宾语补足语（句6）、主语补足语（句7）。 【自我归纳】to have been done；定语 【即学即练】 I.?用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 1. We’re having a meeting this afternoon. The decision _____ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ (see) whether they will enjoy it. 3. My friend didn’t want the subject _____ (mention) in the letter. 4. The machine doesn’t work. It seems _____ (damage). 5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _____ (tell) the film star had left. II.?用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。 ?????? Although computer-like machines 1. _____ (build) in the 19th century, computers 2. _____ (sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s, and a lot of progress 3. _____ (make)???? since???? then. Computers are now much smaller and more powerful, and they can 4. _____ (buy) much more cheaply. ?????? Computers 5. _____ (use) in many fields — in business, science, medicine and education, for example. The computer’s memory is the place where information 6. _____ (keep) and calculations 7. _____ (do). ?????? Large numbers of home computers 8. _____ (sell) so far. People know more about computers than they used to, and computers are playing a bigger part in our lives. ?????? Progress 9. _____ (make) all the time. Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs 10. _____ (do) by computer-controlled robots. 答案 I. 1. to be made? ? 2. to be seen? ?????????3. to be mentioned 4. to have been damaged????? ?????????? 5. to be told II. 1. were built? ? 2. were sold ? ? ? ? ? ?3. has ... ...
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