动词不定式 【归纳一】 1. 不定式的形式及含义 不定式 形式 含义 不定式的一般式 to do 表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时发生或在它之后发生。 不定式的进行式 to be doing 表示的动作正在进行，与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。 不定式的完成式 To have done 表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前。 不定式的被动式 to be done / to have been done 逻辑主语与不定式表示的动作之间是被动关系。 2. 不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to前加not。 【归纳二】 动词不定式可在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。 ★作主语，一般表示具体的某个动作，谓语动词用第三人称单数；有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在句尾。 ★作宾语；若带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。 ★作表语，常用来说明主语的具体内容。 ★作宾语补足语，常用来补充说明宾语要干什么。 ★作定语，位于所修饰的词之后。 ★作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。 注意： ★不定式作表语时，其主语除了表示意向、打算、计划等词外，常见的还有idea, task, purpose, duty, dream等。如： The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university. Her dream is to make a movie. ★在某些动词后用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语的句子，改为被动结构时，不定式要加to。这类动词常见的有see, watch, notice, feel, hear, make, let, have等。如： He saw a child enter the building. → A child was seen to enter the building. People often heard her sing this song. → She was often heard to sing this song. The man made me move the car. → I was made to move the car. I. 根据括号内的提示补全下面对话。 A Sophia: Hello, Ann, how was your summer holiday? You seem 1. _____ (enjoy) a fantastic one. Ann: Yes, of course. I went to Shangri-La with my family. It is really a good place 2. _____ (visit). 3. _____ (share) it with you, I took a lot of pictures. And I have something interesting 4. _____ (tell) you. Sophia: Great! B Mike: Sam, I have a meeting 1. _____ (attend) tomorrow, so I will fly to Shanghai. Do you have anything you’d like me 2. _____ (bring) back for you? I’d be happy 3. _____ (do) it for you. Sam: No, thanks. Oh, by the way, did you go to Jay Chou’s concert yesterday? Mike: I hurried to the ticket office yesterday, only 4. _____ (tell) there were no tickets left. Sam: It is a pity 5. _____ (not attend) it. II. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。 My friend Annie phoned 1. _____ (ask) me if I fancied 2. _____ (spend) a weekend in Paris. She wanted me 3. _____ (feed) her cat while she was in New York. Of course I said yes. 4. _____ (visit) Paris was always my dream, and after finishing my exams, I was ready for a break. And I didn’t mind 5. _____ (look) after her cat either. Before setting off on my journey, I checked that I had everything I needed. After driving for three hours and getting lost twice, I finally arrived, only 6. _____ (find) Annie had already left. There was a note on the door thanking me, but Annie had forgotten 7. _____ (leave) her key. Luckily, I found the cat in the garden so we spent the weekend 8. _____ (stay) in a hotel. 答案 I. A. 1. to have enjoyed 2. to visit ... ...
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