2020年广西中考英语备考语法专题系列导学案：动词的语态（含答案）

第一部分 语法专题突破 专题十一　动词的语态 (6年3考) 知识导图  考 点 精 讲 1. 被动语态的构成 (1)构成：be＋动词的过去分词。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 (2)不同时态的被动语态结构： 被动语态 结构 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时的被动语态(2019.32) am/is /are＋done Confucius's ideas still influence us. We're still influenced by Confucius's ideas.[九(上)Module 7 P60] 一般过去时的被动语态(2014.45) was/were＋done We didn't choose Daming for the team last time. Daming wasn't chosen for the team last time.[九(上)Module 8 P68] 一般将来时的被动语态 will /shall/be going to＋be＋done My bike is broken.I will fix it tomorrow. My bike is broken. It will be fixed tomorrow.[九(上)Module 9 P76] 现在完成时的被动语态(2017.37) have/has＋been＋done He has painted the door. The door has been painted. 含情态动词的被动语态 can/must/should ＋be＋done We must solve the problem soon. The problem must be solved soon. 2. 被动语态的用法 在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况： (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：This watch is made in China. (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：Many trees must be planted every year. (3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.(强调汉语的广泛使用) (4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。如：Many houses were washed away by the flood. 3. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 【速记口诀】 宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。 步骤一：把原主动语态中的宾语转换为被动语态中的主语。 步骤二：把原谓语动词改为“be＋动词过去分词”的形式。be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语(原句中的宾语)而改变，同时be动词的时态不变。不论是什么时态，被动语态的句子都必定要有一个be动词。 步骤三：原来主动语态中的主语如需强调，就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现，以强调发出动作的人或物。如果没有必要，则可以省略。 步骤四：其他成分(定语、状语)不变。 4. 主动结构表被动意义的情况 (1)look, feel, sound, smell, taste等系动词＋形容词。如：The song sounds wonderful. (2)sell, open, wash, write, clean, read, cut, close等词作不及物动词时，主语为物，一般与well, easily等副词连用，可用主动语态表被动含义。如： This kind of shirts sell well here. The shop closes at 6 p．m. every day. (3)某些动词(词组)中，用v.-ing形式作宾语，表被动含义，如：need/want/require doing(to be done)“需要被做”；be worth doing“值得做”。如： The radio needs repairing(to be repaired)． This book is worth reading. 拓展　 不能使用被动语态的情况 (1)不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态，常见的有：happen, take place, belong to等。如：The accident happened last night. (2)表示状态的动词没有被动语态，常见的有：have, own, fail, cost, fit, last(持续)等。如：The trousers fit me well. (3)祈使句一般没有被动语态。 (4)反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。 (5)由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语(如：make friends)没有被动语态。 综 合 提 升 柳州6年真题(2014～2019) 1. (2019柳州32题)This book _____ by children. A. loves B. loved C. is loved 2. (2017柳州37题)Although we don't know what was discussed, we can feel the topic _____． A. has changed B. was changed C. has been changed 3. (2014柳州45题)Tony, as well a ... ...