牛津译林版 M3 U1 The world of our senses Grammar 复习学案

M3 Unit1 Grammar 名词性从句 1.定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为_____从句、_____从句、_____从句和_____从句。 主语从句：通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 例：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 It is known to us all that his job is important. 众所周知，他的工作很重要。 注：在主语从句中，不能用if来引导，要用whether。 例：Whether he will go is not clear to us. (正) If he will go is not clear to us. (误) 宾语从句：放在动词或介词之后。有时用it 做形式宾语，宾语从句置于句尾。 例：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 He feels it necessary that we often practice English. 他觉得我们有必要经常练习英语。 同位语从句：一般放在名词之后，所起到的作用是说明名词的内容。（fact ,hope , idea, word=news, doubt, suggestion, belief, opinion, decision , truth, promise, rule…）若同位语从句 较长，而主句较短时，常会把同位语从句置于句尾。 例：I have no doubt that he will win. 我不怀疑他会赢。 表语从句：放在be/系动词之后。 例：The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. 事实就是大雾太浓，公交车走不了那么远。 巩固练习 划出下面句子中的从句，并说明是什么从句 1. She sensed that she was being watched. _____ 2. I’m interested in who that tall man is. _____ 3. Whether he’ll be able to come is not yet known. _____ 4. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to that far. _____ 5. The fact that Polly didn’t ask for the man’s name is a pity. _____ 6. The news that you told us is exciting. _____ 7. That I can pay back the help that people give me makes me happy. _____ 8. It has not been decided who will go with us. _____ 9. That is what we agreed on at the meeting. _____ 10. It is still a mystery whether there are Yetis in the world. _____ 11. We all think it necessary that we should learn a foreign language. 2.语序： 所有的名词性从句都用_____语序。 3.关联词：可分三类 连接词： that(连接作用/无意义,从句结构和意义完整;引导动词宾语从句可省略；当两个that从句并列做宾语从句时，第二个that不能省略。) , whether, if (连接作用/是否，从句结构完整但意义缺少；if 只引导动词宾语从句且不与or not，to do 连用) 连接代词:what , whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which， whichever(连接作用，有词意，充当句子成分) 连接副词：when, whenever, where ,wherever, how, however, why（连接作用，有词意，充当句子成分） 4.考点 1）区分同位语从句与定语从句 （方法：定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。） Do you know the fact that he stole the car? 同位语从句（从句结构完整，that只起连接作用） Do you know the fact that they were talking about? 定语从句(that在从句中作about宾语) 练习：判断是同位语从句还是定语从句 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. _____ The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him._____ 2) whether 和 if 的用法 1）yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if ... ...