高考一轮复习 课件与学案 12讲 主谓一致 (考点精讲28张PPT+知识梳理+挑战真题+巩固训练）

第十二讲 主谓一致 (解析卷) 黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛 在高考英语复习中，主谓一致往往是考生容易忽略基础英语知识，而主谓一致又是历年高考试题中的考查内容之一，单纯考查主谓一致的情况较少，经常出现的是动词的时态与语态的结合考查，主要以语法填空和短文改错的形式呈现；包括语法一致、意义一致、就近原则等。考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意语义一致原则，具体为：分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时的主谓一致和定语从句中的主谓一致情况。教师需要指导考生打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达奠定坚实的基础。教师在辅导学生进行相关复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；要注意把相关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通；逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。 I. 主谓一致 定义 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。 三个原则 主谓一致坚持三个原则：语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 II. 主谓一致分类讲解 1.语法一致原则 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. Giving up using the Net is the best decision I' ve ever made. What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle. Bush walking, fishing, horse riding, tennis, golf and sailing are all popular. 2）主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including，in addition to;such as等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend. Punctuation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, changes very quickly from one area to another. 3）不定代词作主语 主语为 one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone，anyone,everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，谓语用单数形式。 London knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth. Everyone was calm. One is from the USA and the other two are from the UK. Another is to ensure all children complete primary education. 4）定语从句中关系代词作主语 在定语从句关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 We saw abandoned?farms?which?were?built?more?than?a?hundred?years?ago. I turned?around?and?glared?at?the?person?who?was?humming. 5）以s结尾的名词作主语 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn’t easy to study. 6）在倒装句中，谓语动 ... ...