课件26张PPT。5The power of nature教学目标Get the students to learn and master useful structures: the“ –ing” form as an adverbial.小结-ing 形式的用法1. –ing 形式作状语2. –ing形式的完成式例句： (Having been) Written in haste, the book has some faults. 这本书因仓促写成，所以有些缺憾。分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 3. 使用- ing形式需注意的几个问题. My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together. 我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间, 解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系, 即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语my wife 。) The train having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train逻辑主语 + having gone 即为独立主格结构）分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。例如: 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。例如: Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.) 他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。Coming into the room, he put down his bag. (=He came into the room and put down his bag.) 他走进房间，放下提包。 Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 布朗先生刷过牙, 就下楼来吃早饭。 (此句如写成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 可能指 “边刷牙, 边下楼 。) 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never等否定词构成。例如: Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。 Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。 “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _____ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 解析：答案B。running away在此作shouted的伴随状语，由Janet发出这一动作。B2. The storm left, _____ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having causedD解析：答案D。题意：暴雨过去了，只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下文逻辑意义看，此处应表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。3. _____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. to wait B. have waited C. having waited D. to have waited解析：答案C。此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表明该动作发生在realized之前。C4. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. Suffered解析：答案A。由already提示，分词动作发生在谓语之前，故须用分词的完成式。A5. The secretary worked all night long, _____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prep ... ...
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