通悟语法系列8：定语从句 （讲练结合）课件（40张PPT）

第8讲　 定语从句 　　作定语的从句被称为定语从句, 定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 关系词分为两种: 1. 关系代词。2. 关系副词。 考点1　关系代词 【考题小练】 单句语法填空 1. Three months ago, Xi returned to his high school, to visit a laboratory and talk to teachers and students _____were designing the small satellite. who/that 2. The book tells us some skills such as how to put everything ____we have learned from life into beautiful pictures. 3. It was raining heavily, _____ kept us indoors. that which 【考点精讲】 关系代词一览表 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 *Try to ask others if there is anything that you can do to make their day better. (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 *The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 *This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. (4)先行词既有人也有物时。 *They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 *Which is the bike that you lost? 2. 只用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 *We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 *The ancient city of Phoenix is a popular tourist attraction in China, which dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period. 3. the same. . . as与the same. . . that the same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西; the same. . . that表示同一人或物。 *This is the same book as he lent me last week. 这本书和他上周借给我的书一样。 *This is the same book that he lent me last week. 这就是他上周借给我的书。 4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that such/so. . . as(定语从句)像……那样, as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语; such/so. . . that(结果状语从句)如此……以至于, that在从句中不作成分。 *The old man is so hard-working a gardener as quite a few gardens want to hire as a full-time worker. *The Nobel Peace Prize is given to such people as have made great contributions to maintaining global peace and stability. 5. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which 位置不同 表意不同 as 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等 which 引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 *As is known to all, the sun rises in the east. *After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision. 【题组训练】 单句语法填空 1. Every day, the Americans throw away 500 million plastic ... ...