通悟语法系列1：冠词和名词课件（78张PPT）(讲练结合）

第1讲　 冠词和名词 (一)冠　词 考点1　冠词的基本用法 【考题小练】单句语法填空 1. When I taught art at __school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term. a 2. My parents had moved to England from India during ___1970s. 3. The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute(构成) ___enormous security challenge to all countries. 4. The X-rays you get at ___doctor’s or dentist’s are not enough to cause cancer. the an the 【考点精讲】 冠词包括不定冠词a/an和定冠词the, 不用冠词的情况也可称为零冠词。考查冠词的基本用法主要就是考查冠词的泛指和特指, 在语法填空和短文改错中都会有所涉及。在语法填空中对冠词进行考查时, 不给出提示词。 1. 不定冠词(a/an)的用法(八个“一”) “一”(=one) I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day. “每一”(=per) Prices start at ￡13. 95 a yard for printed cotton. “同一”(=the same) They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color. “一类”(=复数名词) A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. “任一”(=any) A dictionary is enough. “某一”(=a certain) A Mr Smith is waiting to see you. “一个、一场、一次、一件”(抽象名词) As a manager, he is a success while as a father he is a failure. “一种(份, 阵……)”(物质名词) What a heavy rain! (1)不定冠词有a和an两种形式, 常位于名词或名词的修饰语前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素时, 用a; 而当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为元音音素时, 用an。注意: 判断用a还是an的依据是紧跟不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素, 而不是该词的第一个字母是不是元音字母。例如: a university student一个大学生 a European writer一位欧洲作家 an honest boy一个诚实的男孩 (2)不定冠词的使用 ①不定冠词可以用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前, 使之具体化。这样的物质名词有: rain, snow, fog, wind, drink, coffee, beer, fire, paper等; 抽象名词有: success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger, shock等。 He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us. ②knowledge, collection, understanding等名词后加of. . . 时, 其前常用不定冠词a/an。 A knowledge of the local culture is very important if you travel abroad. ③“a most+形容词”表示“很……, 非常……”, most在此不表示最高级含义, 相当于very, 而“the +most+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式, 表示“最……”。 This is a most interesting film. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 2. 定冠词the的用法 (1)表示特指的人或物, 或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或物。 *Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door? (2)用于单数可数名词前, 表示整个类属。 *Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. (3)用于某些形容词、分词前表示一类人/物或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人。 *The Greens entertained us with dinner the day before yesterday. (4)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。 The young man is the student who I taught 10 years ago. (5)表示世界独一无二的事物, 如the moon, the sun, the earth, the universe, the world, the sky等。 *No one knows when the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago. 【点津】①当这些名词前有修饰语时, 亦 ... ...