小升初复习专题 动词复习（含答案）

年 级 六年级 学 科 英语 版 本 通用版 课程标题 小升初英语语法讲义：动词（三） 学习目标： 1. 了解实义动词形式的变化 2. 了解主动语态和被动语态 3. 掌握动词与to do，doing的固定搭配 考点梳理： 实义动词 实义动词：含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 一、实义动词的变化： (1) 规则动词变化表： 规 则变 化 原形动词结尾情况 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词 一般情况 +s +ing +ed s,x,ch,sh,o结尾 +es +ing +ed 辅音字母+y结尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed 重读闭音节，一元一辅结尾 +s 双写辅音字母,+ing 双写辅音字母,+ed 不发音的e结尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d ie结尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d 不规则变化 (见不规则动词变化表) 注意：①在加ing或ed时，动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读,“r”应双写。 ②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音和元音后读[z]；在[ s ]、[ f]、[z]、[tf]、[dv]后读[iz]。 ③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id]。 (2) 不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词) be(am,is) was been lose lost lost be(are) were been make made made beat beat beaten may might 　 become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must 　 bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read read can could 　 ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should 　 drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit sat sat forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have(has) had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know knew known understand understood understood lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn leave left left will would 　 lend lent lent win won won let let let write wrote written lie lay lain 　 　 　 二、主动语态和被动语态： (1) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态： (2) 被动语态的用法： ① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：A man was killed in the accident. 一个人死于事故。 This window was broken yesterday. 这扇窗子是昨天被打破的。 ②不说或众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place. 这个地方也种水稻。 A railroad will be built here in three years. 三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路。 ③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。 如：It was written by Lu X ... ...