新人教版高中英语必修一Welcome Unit Grammar 课件(共27张PPT)

2019-2020学年度新人教版必修一Welcome Unit Grammar Laozi A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step. Discovering Useful Structure 语法之句法 Syntax 句子成分 Members of the sentence 句子结构 Sentence structure 句子成分 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 英语：包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语八种。 句子成分（英文） S 主语 Subject V 谓语 Verb O 宾语 Object P 表语 Predicative Att 定语 Attributive Adv 状语 Adverbial DO直接宾语 Direct Object IO 间接宾语 Indirect Object C 宾语补足语 Object Complement A 同位语 Appositive S 主语 Subject 主语是动作的发出者/被说明的主体。 可以充当主语的成分有：名词，代词，名词化的形容词，数词，动词不定式， 名词化了的动词或从句等。 The weather becomes cold day by day. It is hot today. Swimming is a good sport in summer. The young are mostly ambitious. V 谓语 Verb 谓语表示主语的动作。或具有的特征和状态。 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。在英语中，动词按作用和功能主要分为两大类，一类是谓语动词，另一类是非谓语动词。 I like walking. I enjoy speaking English. He reads English every morning. O 宾语 Object 宾语是动作的承受着。位于及物动词或介词后面。可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，不定式，动名词，或从句等。 I often play basketball. I like eight. DO直接宾语 Direct Object IO 间接宾语 Indirect Object My parents bought me some fruits. He gave me a present yesterday. P 表语 Predicative 表语是对主语的说明。说明主语的身份，特征和状态。一般位于系动词be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem之后。 一般由名词，代词，形容词，数词，非谓语动词等。 My new deskmate is an American boy. I will be fifteen next year. She looks beautiful. Att 定语 Attributive 定语 修饰和限定主语或宾语。由名词，代词，介词短语，形容词，数词，非谓语动词，副词，从句等作定语。 单个的词作定语常放在它所修饰的词之前，短语或从句作定语常放在所修饰词之后。 My school is larger than hers. She likes the yellow dress. The car which is black is mine. Adv 状语 Adverbial 状语是修饰和限定动词，形容词，副词和整个句子的成分。 能充当状语的有：副词，介词短语，非谓语动词，少数形容词，独立结构，从句等。 状语按其用途可分为：时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随，比较等种类。 Frankly, I have no money. In order to find a better job, he studies very hard. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. C 宾语补足语 Object Complement 宾语补足语 表示 对宾语的补充说明。名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，非谓语动词都可以做宾语补足语。 We should keep our room clean and tidy. My mother doesn't allow me to go out alone in the evening. He found it very interesting to ride a horse on the farm. 句子结构 句子的基本结构指的是简单句的几种基本句型： 主谓，主谓宾，主系表，主谓间直宾和主谓宾补。 句型结构： 主谓 S+V Time flies！ We laughed. 主谓宾 S+V+O I can speak English. I miss my grandma. 主系表 S+P 常见的系动词是be动词 I am a student. English is very important. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 S+V+IO DO My mother bought me a schoolbag. My father told me a funny story. 主谓宾 ... ...