高中英语概要写作（summary）答题过程探讨（学案）

概要写作（summary） ? 题型介绍： 概要写作是新高考启用的新题型，给出一篇300字左右的文章(体裁多为说明文、记叙文，练习时偶见其它文体)，要求缩写成一篇不超过60字的小短文，缩写的内容覆盖原文的要点。 概要写作是对原文的高度浓缩，是阅读者在不改变原文的中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下用简洁、精炼的语言表述一篇文章的主要内容、基本观点或事实。它主要包括阅读和写作两个过程。 -01- ? 满分要求： 简洁?全面 连贯 客观 ? ? ?-02- ? 写作的技巧： 1)?删除细节，只保留主要观点。 ? 2)?把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 ? 3)?避免重复。 在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 ? 4)?压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” ? 5)?你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。 请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, werevisited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays withpay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, havebrought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten yearsago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visitedby only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages,paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” ? 6)?使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Timeand Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during thewinter vocation.” 可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during thevocation.” ? 7）巧妙使用连接词。 比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。 ? 8)?文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如： Katelooked at Paul disapprovingly: You use too much salt on your food, Paul — it’snot good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:” Why on earth not! Ifyou didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboardor sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cookedwithout salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. Shewanted to persuade him. She said firmly:” But too much salt is bad for you. Itcause high blood pressure and late on, heart-attacks. It also disguises thetaste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and whichwe have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” ? 上面可以用第三人称概括为： Katesuggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating toomuch salt would do harm to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the realtastes of food. But Paul disagre ... ...