中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 句子的成分 主要成分：主语 和 谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 （一）主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首 Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名 词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、 Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词 ) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系动词+表语）构成。 We are having a quick breakfast. （三） 表语：表语用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么” Predicative 或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短 语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （现在分词） The door is closed. （过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） （四） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,和及物 Object 动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式和宾语从句。如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （宾语从句） 宾语种类： < 1 > 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾 ※ 有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语 可带双宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。 “七 给” 一 “带” to ... ...
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