中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 （一）、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。非真实条件句的假设发生的可能性不大或者不可能发生，仅仅是对条件和结果的假设。 真实条件句： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic Oil floats if you pour it on water. 虚拟条件句的构成： If 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 谓语动词用1. did2. be动词用 were 谓语动词用should/would/ could/ might + do 与过去事实相反 谓语动词用had + done 谓语动词用should/would/could/ might +have + done 与将来事实相反 谓语动词用1. did/were2. should do3. were to do 谓语动词用should/would/ could/ might + do If everyone knew first aid, many lives would be saved. (与现在事实相反) If the earthquake had happened in the desert, there would have been fewer deaths. (与过去事实相反) If I were to have an eight-day holiday, I would go fishing. (与将来事实相反) If I were you, I would study much harder. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met her. If I should go there tomorrow, I would do it in my way. 注意： 1. 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 2. 有时，虚拟条件句中，主句和从句所指的时间不一致，叫做错综时间虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气。主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. （条件为过去，结果为现在） If they had informed us, we would not come here now. If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. （条件为现在，结果为过去） If he knew her, he would have greeted her. If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. （条件为过去，结果为将来） 3. 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. Were she here, she would agree with us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 4. 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而隐含在某些介词短语中，如without, but for, otherwise, or, but, given, supposing等，或上下文里，叫做含蓄虚拟结构。 I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. But for his help, we would be working now. Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. I was busy yesterday, otherwise/or (=If I hadn’t been busy) I would have attended Mr. Wang’s lecture. 陈述事实 + otherwise + 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 + but +陈述事实 （二）、虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的应用 1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 在for fear that, in case引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should /could/ might等 + 动词原形；lest引导的目的状语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气，为“should + 动词原形”或省略should。 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. He started out earlier lest he should be late. Bring some money in case you should use it. 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中 ... ...
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