Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 1. 虚拟语气用以表示假定，想象，愿望等非事实的观念。 2. 虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。 用于if 引导的非真实条件句 01 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 其他情况 02 03 虚拟语气的使用场合 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 条件句的省略与倒装 主语从句中的虚拟语气 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 同位语从句中的虚拟语气 条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 过去 未来 V+ ed (were) had done would/could/should/might +V (原) would/could/should/might+have+p.p. 1. V. + ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do would/could/should/might +V.(原) 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 如果我有一亿美金，我就去买辆豪车。 If I had one hundred million dollars, I would buy a fancy car. 1.1与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 If you had listened to me even a little bit, you would not have been in such a trouble. 如果你听了我一点点的话， 你就不会遇到这样的麻烦了。 1.2与过去事实相反：表示庆幸，遗憾，惋惜 If I should go to the moon tomorrow, I might take some pictures and send them to you. 如果我明天就跑到月亮上的话， 我就拍些照片，然后发给你。 1.3与将来事实相反 1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。 If you _____ here five minutes earlier, you _____ the bus. 2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。 If I ____ not busy, I _____ you now. 3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？ What _____ we do if it _____ tomorrow? had got were would help should were to snow would have caught If I _____ busy last night, I _____ to see the film with you. had not been would have gone If he _____ more carefully, he _____ the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I _____(know) your telephone number, I _____ (telephone) you yesterday. had known would have telephoned 1.4 as if /though + 从句 ★ She loves the baby as if it were her own son. ★ I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. ★He opened his mouth as if he would say something． 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 1、如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用“一般过去时”。 2、从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 3、从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形”。 ★ 他们就像朋友一样交谈。 They talked as if they were friends for years. ★她看起来好像年轻了十岁。 She looks as if she were ten years younger. ★ 她看起来似乎是冰做的。 She looked as if she were made of ice. as if/though后的从句一定要虚拟语气么？ It looks as if she is in love again. 看上去她又坠入情网了。 It seems as if we shall have to walk. 故：as if 从句所表达的内容被看做是事实，或是有可能是真的，就要用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 1.5 虚拟语气的倒装 ★Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. 要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。 ★Were it not for the rain, the crops would die. 要不是这场雨，这些庄家就会死。 = But for your help… = Without your help… 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于面语。 ★要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。 Had you not helped me, I should have failed. ... ...
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