Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures? 限制性定语从句(2) where, when, why, prep. +which/whom引导的定语从句 观察下列课文原句并归类填空 1. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 3. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken. 4. I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up. 5. Then I saw an advertisement that offered a wonderful summer course in German, and that was the day when I decided to take on a new language. 一、关系副词的分类 1. when指时间, 在定语从句中作时间状语。 (2020·江苏高考)Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. (先行词an age还原到从句中为: things were built to last in the age, 作时间状语) Inglis说电话亭让我们想起了一个时代: 在这个时代, 建造东西能永恒存在。 when既可以指代具体的时间名词, 也可指代抽象时间名词, 常见的有occasion(时机), time, age, period等。 Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们待一天的机会很少。 2. where指地点, 在定语从句中作地点状语。 This is the club where we hold various activities. (先行词the club还原到从句中为: we hold various activities in the club, 作地点状语) 这就是我们举行各种各样活动的俱乐部。 where既可以指代具体的地点名词, 也可指代抽象地点名词, 常见的抽象地点名词: case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position, activity, platform, race, environment, atmosphere, family, job等。 I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my own. 我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。 Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。 3. why指原因, 在定语从句中作原因状语。 This is the reason why he has made such great progress. (先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he has made such great progress for the reason, 作原因状语) 这是他取得如此大进步的原因。 关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 关系代词和关系副词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分: 如果作状语, 则用关系副词; 如果作主语、宾语、表语, 则用关系代词。 ①I’ll never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm. (关系代词作spent的宾语) ②I’ll never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm. (关系副词作时间状语, when=on which) ③He works in the factory that/ which makes bikes. (关系代词作定语从句的主语) ④He works in the factory where bikes are made. (关系副词在句中作地点状语, where=in which) ⑤This is the reason that/which he explained to us. (关系代词作explained的宾语) ⑥This is the reason why he was late. (关系副词作原因状语, why=for which) 选词填空 that, which, when, where, why (1)He bought a book that/which he decided to give to his friend. (2)There are moments when I forget all about it. (3)The reason that/which ... ...
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