初中语法知识点学案_lesson40-41定语从句-定语从句关系代词、关系副词的用法

定语从句关系代词、关系副词的用法 【课程导入】 1. 定语从句的概念： 定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定（对词句进行补充、修饰、限定，进而使原句内容更完整），就叫做定语从句。 按语法句式，定语从句在整个句子中做定语的成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。 定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。 关系词常有三个作用： ①引导定语从句 ②代替先行词 ③在定语从句中担当一个成分 1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 住在我们旁边的那个男人是警察。（在该句中the man是先行词，关系代词who引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担当主语）。 2) This is the room where Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅先生曾经住过的房间。（在该句中the room是先行词，关系副词where引导一个定语从句并在句子中担任地点状语。） 2. 关系词：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that，as 等 关系副词：when, where, why等 先行词 主语 宾语 定语 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 方式状语 指人 who that whom that who whose of whom 指物 which that as which that as whose (介词+which) Where/介词+which When/介词+which Why/介词+which That/介词+which 【即学即练】 [填空题] 找出下列句子中的先行词、关系词和定语从句。 1. The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（ ） 2. She is the girl whom I saw yesterday. （ ） 3. Computer game is something which is liked by most boys. （ ） 4. Beijing is the city where I was born. （ ） 5. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. （ ） 【答案】 1. the boy, who，who are playing football are from Class One. 2. the girl，whom, I saw yesterday. 3. something，which, which is liked by most boys. 4. the city， where，I was born. 5.the reason，why, he looks unhappy today. 【解析】 1. The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （正在操场上踢足球的男孩们是一班的。） 先行词是the boy,关系代词who，who在定语从句中做主语。 2. She is the girl whom I saw yesterday.（她就是我昨天见的那个女孩。） 先行词是the girl，关系代词whom，whom在句子中做宾语。 3. Computer game is something which is liked by most boys.（大多数男孩子都喜欢电脑游戏。） 先行词是something，关系代词which，which在句子中做主语。 4. Beijing is the city where I was born.（北京是我的出生地。）先行词是the city，关系副词where，where在句子中做地点状语。 5. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. （我不知道为什么他今天看起来不开心。） 先行词是the reason，关系副词why，why在句子中做原因状语。 【语法讲解】 【考点】 定语从句关系代词的用法 【知识点】 关系代词 用法 例句 who/whom 两者都用于指人，who在定语从句中做主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中做宾语 I have no idea about the man (who wrote the article).我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。（做主语） Who is the girl (whom you talked to just now)? 刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？（做宾语） whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。 He is the man (whose car was stolen last night). 他就是昨天晚上车被偷的那个男子。（作定语） which 一般指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语，还可以在从 ... ...