初中语法知识点学案_lesson42定语从句-介词用法

定语从句中介词的用法 【课程导入】 1. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句中一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。 2. 关系词: 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that，as 等。关系副词：when, where, why 等 【语法讲解】 【考点】 “介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句 【知识点】 “介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用who或者that指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 1. 当先行词是人时，用介词+whom引导定语从句 The man (to whom) you spoke is a teacher. 和你谈话的那个男人是一位老师。 2. 当先行词是物时，用介词+which引导定语从句，而且只能加which，不能加that。 The city (in which) she lives is far away. 她住的那个城市很偏远。 注意：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，介词后的关系代词不能省略。 3. 关系代词是所有格时用whose She is the girl (to whose) father I talked yesterday. 她是昨天和我谈话的那个父亲的女儿。 【即学即练】 [单选题] 1. This is the school ( ) I studied two years ago. A. in that B. in which C. on which D. for whom 2. We will go to hear the famous singer ( )we have often talked. A. about which B. about whom C. about that D. whose 【答案】 1. B 2. B 【解析】 1. This is the school in which I studied two years ago. 我两年前在这个学校学习。先行词是the school，是物，所以要用介词+which，在学校是in the school，所以用in which。没有介词+that 这样的结构。 2. We will go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.明天我们将要去听那个我们经常说起的歌手的演唱会。先行词 the famous singer 是人，所以应该用介词+whom，根据词组talk about，应该选用about whom。 【知识点】 介词的位置 在定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略。 1. The man (who/whom /that) you speak to is a teacher. 和你谈话的那个男人是名老师。 2. The city（which/that）she lives in is far away. 她住的城市很偏远。 通常介词放在定语从句中动词后面，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。 This is the pen (that / which) you are looking for. 这就是你正在找的那支笔。 The patient (who/whom /that) she is looking after is her father. 她正在照顾的病人是她的父亲。 There are fifty patients (who/whom/that) we must take good care of. 有五十名病人急需我们照顾。 【即学即练】 [判断题] 判断下列句子是否正确，对的打“√”，错的打“×” (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. （ ） (2) The man(who/that) you talked with is my friend. （ ） (3) The man with who/that you talked is my friend. （ ） (4) This is the book for which you are looking. （ ） (5) The words to which we should pay attention are written on the blackboard.（ ） 【答案】 1. √ 2. √ 3. × 4. × 5. × 【解析】 (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. 先行词是人，所以用whom，根据词组talk with，可以确定用 with whom。 (2) The man (who/that) you talked with is my friend. ... ...