2022届新高考英语二轮复习：短语动词考点（学案）

2022届新高考英语二轮复习：短语动词考点 学案 短语动词(phrasal verb)是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。 在讲解短语动词的分类之前，大家先观察下面三组句子。 语境展示 Ⅰ.? a. I called on her this morning. b. I ran across Mary in the library yesterday. c. Haven’t you dealt with that letter yet? Ⅱ.? a. Put your toys away in the cupboard when you’ve finished playing. b. Police were called in to break up the meeting. c. We all went to the airport to see her off.? Ⅲ.? a. We’re so much looking forward to seeing you again. b. Drive faster. They’re catching up with us.? c. She has always looked up to her father. 短语动词的分类 短语动词主要有以下几类：? 01 动词+介词 “动词+介词”所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，不可分开使用，宾语只能放在介词之后。例如： He didn’t agree with you on that point. 02 动词+副词 1. “动词+副词”所构成的短语动词，如果宾语是名词，宾语既可以放在副词之前，也可以放在副词之后。但如果宾语是代词，宾语只能放在动词和副词之间。例如： The super star came to the hospital to cheer the girl up. = The super star came to the hospital to cheer up the girl. 2. 有些“动词+副词”所构成的短语动词中不需要宾语，此时的短语动词相当于不及物动词。例如： The war broke out in 1939. 03 动词+副词+介词 “动词+副词+介词”所构成的短语动词只能看作是一个及物动词，介词后跟宾语。例如： I can’t put up with these noisy people. Don’t look down on this kind of work. 04 动词+名词+介词 “动词+名词+介词”所构成的短语动词也相当于一个及物动词，介词后跟宾语。 这类短语动词常见的有：keep pace with, lose touch with, make friends with, make fun of, pay a visit to, pay attention to, take advantage of, take care of等。 关于短语动词 ● 同一动词与不同的副词或介词搭配，所构成的短语动词在意义上有很大差别。例如： give away 赠送，泄露，暴露 give up 放弃，辞去 give in 屈服，让步，投降 give out 公布，分发 give off 发出，放出 ● 不同的动词和同一副词或介词搭配，所构成的短语动词意义也不尽相同。例如： take on 承担，呈现 try on 试穿 focus on 集中，关注 insist on 坚持 rely on 依靠 ● 有的短语动词有很多不同的意思，需要根据语境理解它们的意思。例如： Fish take in oxygen through their gills. (吸取) The tour took in six European capitals. (包括，包含) I hope you’re taking in what I’m saying. (理解) He was homeless, so we took him in. (收留) This dress needs to be taken in at the waist.(将衣服等改瘦) Don’t be taken in by his charming manner; he’s completely ruthless. (欺骗，蒙蔽或愚弄某人) 即学即练 请翻译下列句子（每空一词）。? ? 1. 当他年纪大了，他一定会把他的生意移交给他儿子的。 It is certain that he will?　　　　?　　　　?his business?　　　　?his son when he gets old.? ? 2. 一旦做出了决定，我们所有人都应该坚持。 Once a decision has been made, all of us should?　　　　?　　　　?it. ? 3. 我们必须尽快收麦子，因为一场风暴就要来临。 We have to?　　　　?　　　　?the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is?　　　　?　　　　?　　　　. ? 4. 我跟你说话的时候, 你要注意听! 　　　　　?　　　　?when I’m talking to you!? ? 5. 我们应该充分利用我们的时间。 We should?　　　 ... ...