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课件网) Analysis of Affixation 目录 CONTENTS Definition & Classification 01 Examples 02 Definition of Affixation Affixation or derivation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base. This definition does not consider combining forms, which are also indispensable to derivation. To be more exact, derivation may be defined as a process of forming new words by the addition of a word element, such as prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word. Classification of Affixation Inflectional affix and Derivational affix Inflectional affix Derivational affix Inflectional affixes very often only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. 屈折词缀常常在词干后面添加一个微小的或微妙的语法意义。 Derivational affixes often change the lexical meaning of a word. 派生词缀常常改变词汇意义。 Inflectional affixes do not change the word class of the word they attach to. 屈折词缀不改变词类。 Derivational affixes might change the word class. 派生词缀可能改变词类。 Inflectional affixes are conditioned by nonsemantic linguistic factors outside the word they attach to but within the phrase or sentence. 屈折词缀受到的限制是非语义性的语言因素，这一因素在它们所依附的词以外，但是在短语或句子之内。 Derivational affixes are more often based on simple meaning distinctions. 派生词缀更多是根据简单的意义区别。 Inflectional affixes are mostly suffixes. 屈折词缀绝大部分是后缀。 Derivational affixes can be prefixes or suffixes.派生词缀可以是前缀也可以是后缀。 Classification of Affixation Prefix Affixes that can be joined to the beginning of the root or stem, in which case they are called prefixes. Prefixes can change the meaning or function of the word. *Classification of prefixes 1) Negative prefixes(dis-, in-, non-…) 2) Reversative or privative(un-, dis-, de-...) 3) Pejorative prefixes(mis-, mal-, pseudo-...) 4) Prefixes of degree or size(out-, mini-, over-…) 5) Prefixes of orientation and attitude(anti-,co-,counter-…) 6) Locative prefixes(fore-, inter-, tele-…) 7) Prefixes of time and order(fore-,post-,pre-…) 8) Number prefixes(tri-, bi-/di-, multi-/poly-…) 9) Conversion prefixes(a-, be-,en-...) 10) Miscellaneous prefixes(extra-,neo-,pan-…) Infix An affix that is incorporated inside another word. It is not normally used in English, but is found in some other languages. Suffix Affixes can also be joined to the end of the root or stem, in which case they are called suffixes. Suffixes can also change the meaning or function of the word. *Classification of suffixes: 1) noun suffixes (-er, -dom, -ness…) 2) adjective suffixes (-ful, -ous, -able…) 3) adverb suffixes(-ly, -ward, -wise…) 4) verb suffixes(-ate, -en, -ify…) Examples based on prefix and suffix Prefix centricity: centri-city centro- centrosphere: centro-sphere centr- centroid: centr-oid Prefix “toward”, indicated direction, tendency, or additio ... ...
