高考英语专题复习：虚拟语气学案（无答案）

虚拟语气 定义：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，只是说话人的一种主观愿望、假设、建议和推测等。 虚拟语气在具体从句中的应用： 一：If引导的条件状语从句 英语中条件状语从句有两类：一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况是可能发生的或实现的，就是真实条件句；如果假设的情况是不存在或不大可能发生的，则是非真实条件句。 1. 真实条件句 　　真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。如： 　　If he doesn't come at 8：00, we won't wait for him. If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 2. 非真实条件句 　　⑴在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气。主要有以下几种情况： 　　 与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 与将来事实相反 主句谓语 Should/would/could/might+have done would/could/should/might+do Would/could/might/should + do If的从句谓语 had done did （be动词用were） did （be动词用were）/should do/ were to do 过去【例】：If we had found him earlier, we might have solved the problem easily. 现在【例】：If he smoked less, he wouldn't cough so much. 将来【例】：If you dropped the glass, it would break. 【练】 如果我昨天有足够的钱，我会买下这台电脑。 如果我现在有足够的钱，我会买下这台电脑。 如果我明天有足够的钱，我会买下这台电脑。 ⑵ 省略if的条件句 　　在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中含有were，had或should，可以将if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成倒装结构。如： Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to come to my office. 他要是来了，让他来我办公室。 Were it necessary (=If it were necessary), I might go without delay. 【版权所有：21教育】 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。 Had Jack recognized his teacher (=_____), he would have run. 如果杰克认出了老师，他早就跑了。 注意： 　　① 句首不能用助动词的缩略否定式。如： 　　Were it not for the expense, I would travel by air. （正） Weren't it for the expense, I would travel by air. （误）2·1·c·n·j·y 要不是考虑到费用，我将坐飞机旅行。 　　② 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如： Without air (=If there were no air), there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有空气，地球上就不会有生物。 【练】 1. （2016.浙江）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _____since their highest in 2005. A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen 2. （2012.浙江）Had they known what was coming next, they _____ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had ⑶错综条件句 　　当条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，可根据情况构成错综时间条件句。此时，主句和从句中的动词都根据各自所表示动作发生的时间，采用前面表格中的相应形式。如：【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】 If we had not missed that train, we could be having supper at home now. 要是我们没有误了那辆火车，现在我们正在家里吃晚饭呢。 If we had listened to the doctor then, you would be all right now. 【出处：21教育名师】 如果我们当初听了医生的话，你的身体现在就好了。 【练】 假如他昨天告诉我解决方式，现在我就能知道该怎么办了。 _____ 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气常用在表 ... ...