初中英语语法之介词考试的4大考点分析

初中英语语法之介词考试的4大考点分析 一、关于介词后面接介词短语作宾语 介词后通常不接介词短语作宾语，但有少数介词是例外。如： 1. from后接介词短语 Come out from under the table. 从桌子下面出来。 He walked out from among the crowd. 他从人群中走出来。 The phrase has been in wide use from before 1950's. 这个词组从五十年代前起就被广泛运用了。 She had no sooner opened the door than a cat jumped out from behind the door. 她刚刚门打开，一只猫就从门后跳了出来。 2. until后接介词短语 She won’t go home until after the exam. 她要考完试之后再回家。 Don’t leave until after I’ve spoken to you. 我和你说完后再离开。 She’s worked as a nurse until past her sixtieth birthday. 她当护士一直到过了60岁生日。 3. except后接介词短语 No admittance except on business. 非公莫入。 He cannot spare any time except on Sunday. 除星期日外，他抽不出时间。 The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从未打开。 Steel pennies are scarce now except in coin shops. 除了在钱币店内，钢币便士现在很难见到了。 二、关于副词用作介词的宾语 原则上说，介词后不接副词作宾语，但有以下情况值得注意： 1. 某些表示“地点”的副词可以用于某些介词（不是所有介词）后作宾语，如说in here, from here, from there, from upstairs, from downstairs, from abroad等。如： He lives not far from there. 他住的离那儿不远。 I’ve got a letter from abroad. 我收到一封国外的来信。 It’s rather warm in here. Let’s open a window. 这里很热。咱们开一扇窗吧。 The noise from downstairs prevented me from sleeping. 楼下的吵闹声使我睡不着觉。 2. 有些“介词+副词”结构尾于固定搭配，如for long, at home等。如： Will you be at home over Christmas 圣诞节期间你在家吗？ We cannot survive for long without food and drink. 我们没有食物和饮料就活不了多久。 三、介词后可接that引导的从句作宾语吗 介词后通常不能接that引导的从句，遇此情况应在介词后加上 the fact。如： I’m sorry for what I said. 我为我说的话表示歉意。 It all depends on when we can get the tickets. 这得看我们什么时候能拿到机票。 I often wonder about why she treated me like that. 我常常奇怪她为什么这样待我。 他应该勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实。 误：He must face up to that he is no longer young. 正：He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 不过，表示“除……外”的介词 except, but 后可直接跟 that 从句。如： This dress will do except that its price is a little too high. 这连衣裙还行，只是价格贵了一点。 I would lend you the money except that I don’t have any. 我是肯借给你钱的，只是我没有钱。 Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap. 那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在膝上。 四、注意千万不要这样多用介词 按英语习惯，及物动词后接宾语时无需用任何介词，但有的同学受汉语意思的影响，或受相关名词用的影响，有时会在及物动词后误加介词。要避免这类问题，同学们一方面要注意分清哪些及物动词是及物的，哪些动词是不及物，另一方面要尊重英语的表达习惯，不要受汉语思维的影响，尤其是不要根据字面意思套用汉语表达。如: 1.那个陌生人看见门开着就进了屋子。 误: Seeing the door open, the stranger entered into the house 正: Seeing the door open, the stranger entered the house ... ...