2023年初中英语语法学习之定语从句用法与练习 定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词,从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词,既指人,也可指物。关系词作主语时,不可省略,作宾语时可省略。whom只指人,只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”,when指“在那时”。 She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind-hearted. The girl who / that is tall is my sister. (以上关系词作主语,不可省略。) She is a girl (who / whom / that) I know very well. (关系词做know的宾语,可以省略。) That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. I own a bike whose price is high. (关系词whose表所属,后需接名词。前句指人,译为“这个孩子的”;后句指物,译为“这个自行车的”。) I bought a watch (which / that) I paid 100 yuan for. (指物, 作pay的宾语,可以省略。) I prefer a place which / that is clean and quiet. (关系词译为“这个地方”,主语,不可省) I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. (关系词译为“在这个地方”,是地点副词。) I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog. (“在这一天”,是时间副词) 定语从句易犯错误 由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂,初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误,最常见的有如下七种: (一)、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如: 1.误:Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come. 正:Some of the boys I invited didn’t come. 译:我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。 析:应删去them,因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom,who或that。 2.误:The book that you need it is in the library. 正:The book that you need is in the library. 译:你需要的书在图书馆里。 析:应删去it,因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。 (二)、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如: 1.误:Anyone who break the law will be punished. 正:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 译:任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。 析:应改break为breaks,因为who指anyone,是单数。 2.误:Those who has finished may go home. 正:Those who have finished may go home. 译:做完了的人现在可以回家。 析:应改has为have,因为who指those,是复数。 3.误:He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school. 正:He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school. 译:他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。 析:应改know为knows,因为one前有the only之类限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one,是单数,而不是复数名词the teachers。 4.误:This is one of the rooms that is free now. 正:This is one of the rooms that are free now. 译:这是目前空着的房间之一。 析:应改is为are,因为one前没有the only之类的限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms,而不是单数one。 (三)、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如: 1.误:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. 正:Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. 译:吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。 析:应加上关系代词who或that,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略。 2. ... ...
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