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2023年初中英语语法学习之定语从句用法与练习(含解析)

日期:2024-05-20 科目:英语 类型:初中试卷 查看:23次 大小:18272Byte 来源:二一课件通
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2023年,初中,英语,语法学,习之,定语
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 2023年初中英语语法学习之定语从句用法与练习  定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词,从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词,既指人,也可指物。关系词作主语时,不可省略,作宾语时可省略。whom只指人,只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”,when指“在那时”。   She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind-hearted.   The girl who / that is tall is my sister.   (以上关系词作主语,不可省略。)   She is a girl (who / whom / that) I know very well.   (关系词做know的宾语,可以省略。)   That boy whose hair is very long is my brother.   I own a bike whose price is high.   (关系词whose表所属,后需接名词。前句指人,译为“这个孩子的”;后句指物,译为“这个自行车的”。)   I bought a watch (which / that) I paid 100 yuan for.   (指物, 作pay的宾语,可以省略。)   I prefer a place which / that is clean and quiet.   (关系词译为“这个地方”,主语,不可省)   I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life.   (关系词译为“在这个地方”,是地点副词。)   I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog.   (“在这一天”,是时间副词) 定语从句易犯错误  由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂,初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误,最常见的有如下七种:   (一)、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如:    1.误:Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.   正:Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.   译:我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。   析:应删去them,因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom,who或that。   2.误:The book that you need it is in the library.   正:The book that you need is in the library.   译:你需要的书在图书馆里。   析:应删去it,因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。   (二)、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如:   1.误:Anyone who break the law will be punished.   正:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.   译:任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。   析:应改break为breaks,因为who指anyone,是单数。   2.误:Those who has finished may go home.   正:Those who have finished may go home.   译:做完了的人现在可以回家。   析:应改has为have,因为who指those,是复数。   3.误:He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.   正:He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.   译:他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。   析:应改know为knows,因为one前有the only之类限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one,是单数,而不是复数名词the teachers。   4.误:This is one of the rooms that is free now.   正:This is one of the rooms that are free now.   译:这是目前空着的房间之一。   析:应改is为are,因为one前没有the only之类的限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms,而不是单数one。   (三)、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如:   1.误:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.   正:Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.   译:吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。   析:应加上关系代词who或that,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略。   2. ... ...

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