(
课件网) * Chapter 3 The Evolution and Growth of Tourism * Chapter 3 The Evolution and Growth of Tourism Premodern Tourism Early Modern Tourism Contemporary Tourism Factors Associated with Increased Tourism Demand Australian Tourism Participation Future Growth Prospects * Introduction * Premodern Tourism Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley - water supply Acknowledged as ‘Cradle of Civilization’ due to the following factors: - rich alluvial soils - warm climate - central location Created inventions which led to demand & ability to travel * Premodern Tourism Ancient Greece and Rome Olympic Games commenced in 776 BC participants & residents came from surrounding Greek states = domestic stayovers roads & accommodation were rudimentary & dangerous travel restricted to small elite * Premodern Tourism Ancient Greece and Rome Rome tourist travel facilitated by: urbanisation - vast road network (= 80,000 km) - safety - geographical knowledge emergence of large wealthy leisure class led to incipient tourism/hospitality industry * Premodern Tourism The Dark Ages and Middle Ages The Dark Ages (c.500-1100) travel was dangerous most people were impoverished knowledge of outside world limited = reduction in travel NOTE: From 1st edition * Premodern Tourism The Dark Ages and Middle Ages * Early Modern Tourism (1500-1950) The Grand Tour travel circuit of continental Europe undertaken by aristocratic classes for educational & cultural purposes late 1700s - Grand Tour participation shifted from aristocracy to more affluent middle class for sightseeing * Early Modern Tourism (1500-1950) Spa resorts date back to Greek & Roman periods Middle Ages - spas associated with wealthy in Europe & UK access possible due to construction of railway networks Industrial Revolution contributed to their emergence (e.g. Brighton) * Early Modern Tourism (1500-1950) Spa resorts * Early Modern Tourism (1500-1950) Thomas Cook 1851 – Great London Exhibition Baptist minister concerned with moral state of English working class 1841 – first package tour 1861 – first traveller cheques issued * Early Modern Tourism (1500-1950) The post-Cook period (1880-1950) Factors that hindered growth of tourism: Two global depressions (1890s & ‘The Great Depression’ of 1930s) WW I (1914-1918) WW II (1939-1945) = however, created ‘war dividend’ * Contemporary Tourism (1950 onwards) * Contemporary Tourism (1950 onwards) * Contemporary Tourism (1950 onwards) * Contemporary Tourism (1950 onwards) The world’s biggest industry >10% of the global GDP = (~$6 trillion) in 2008 231 million jobs dependent on ‘tourism economy’ in 2007 > 900 million international tourist trips of at least one night stay made in 2007 * Factors Associate with Increased Tourism Demand Economic factors society becomes more economically developed, & greater household discretionary income subsequently becomes available average economic wealth measured by per capita GNP D ... ...
