(
课件网) * Chapter 11 Sustainable Tourism * Chapter 11 Sustainable Tourism A Paradigm Shift Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism and Mass Tourism Sustainability and Small-Scale Tourism Ecotourism Destination Sustainability * A Paradigm Shift Dominant Western environmental paradigm Manifestation of scientific paradigm that replaced theological paradigm beginning in the 16th century determinism & objectivity human superiority; nature for the use of people belief in linear ‘progress’ capitalism * A Paradigm Shift Dominant Western environmental paradigm Findings of subatomic physics Effects of ‘progress’ on natural environment disasters (e.g., Chernobyl, Bhopal, Katrina) escalation of anthropogenic climate change ozone depletion bacterial mutations Unsustainable mass tourism (chapters 8 & 9) = manifestation of dominant Western environmental paradigm * A Paradigm Shift Towards a green paradigm * A Paradigm Shift Towards a green paradigm * A Paradigm Shift Sustainable development Sustainable development – popularised in Our Common Future (Brundtland Report) 1987 ‘…development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’ Weak & strong sustainable development * Sustainable Tourism = tourism development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability intentions Financial sustainability * Sustainable Tourism Indicators = variables providing information about the status of some phenomenon * Sustainable Tourism Indicators * Sustainable Tourism Indicators * Sustainable Tourism Challenges of indicators fuzzy boundaries of complex tourism systems incompatible timeframes of monitoring vs. political process nonlinear relationships between cause & effect lack of knowledge re. benchmarks & thresholds potential incompatibility between environmental, economic & sociocultural outcomes * Sustainability and Mass Tourism Reasons for adoption A. Ethical considerations B. Growth of the green consumer market * Sustainability and Mass Tourism Growth of the green consumer market * Sustainability and Mass Tourism Growth of the green consumer market * Sustainability and Mass Tourism Reasons for adoption C. Profitability of sustainability - e.g., Sheraton Hotels recycling D. Suitability of large corporations to adopt sustainable practices - economies of scale * Sustainability and Mass Tourism Practices Establishment of formal mechanisms (e.g., ITP) Small number of leaders in each sector (e.g., Marriott, Orchid Hotel, British Airways) Focus on profitable, inexpensive and high exposure practices No depth in sectors = veneer pattern of sustainability; reflects market * Sustainability and Mass Tourism Quality control A. Codes of practice (e.g., APEC/PATA Code) Negatives: - voluntary - no timelines - vague, general - self-regulated * Sustainability and Mass Tourism ... ...
