XB4U1 Science Fiction Discover Useful Structures导学案 Class:_____ Group:_____ Name:_____ 组内评价:_____ 教师评价:_____ 【Learning Objectives】 To review and sum up the rules of the passive voice. To know the common forms of writing that use the passive voice, such as notice, news report, newspaper headlines, article of science and technology. To use the passive voice to express in writing. 【Learning Procedures】 Ⅰ. Lead in: Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used. ① It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire. ② Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. ③ Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. ④ As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. ⑤ Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready. ⑥ The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. Ⅱ. Presentation 被动语态： 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be +动词过去分词”。语义上主语为动作的承受者或对象，主要用于需要强调动作承受者、不必要指出动作执行者的情况，或出于语篇衔接连贯的需要。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态。 在“be +动词过去分词”结构中，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，变化规则与系动词be相同。 什么情况下使用被动语态？ 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。 As he was not allowed to accompany her... Charles Darwin was once invited to dinner. 强调动作的承受者。 She was being offered sympathy by a robot. A robot is offering sympathy to her. 广播、广告、新闻、标题中。 Satisfaction Guaranteed / Man wanted 各个时态的被动语态结构 一般现在时: am / is / are + done_____ 一般过去时:was / were + done_____ 一般将来时:will be + done_____ 现在进行时:am / is / are being + done_____ 现在完成时:have / has been + done_____ 过去进行时: was /were being + done_____ 过去完成时: had been + done _____ 含有情态动词: must/can/may…+be done_____ 【汇总表格】 特殊结构的被动语态 主动形式表示被动意义 有些不及物动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，常见的有下面几种： ①某些连系动词，如look, feel, smell, sound, taste, prove等。 e.g. Its skin feels really smooth. The old methods proved best after all. ②某些与can’t, won’t等连用的不及物动词，如open, shut, move, lock等。 e.g. It can't move because it gets stuck. The window won't shut. ③某些可以和well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如write, read, wash, burn, clean等。 e.g. Her latest novel reads well. Wooden floor not only cleans easily, but it's environmentally friendly. 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义 在“be +形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时 ... ...
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