2024届高考英语 英语语法-虚拟语气学案（含答案）

英语语法-虚拟语气 一、if引导的虚拟语气三种情况以及倒装形式 虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 从 句 主 句 例句 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/should/could/might+动词原形 If he were here, he would help us. 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have +过去分词 If I had been free,I would have visited you. 与将来事实相反 动词过去式 should+动词原形 were to +动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 二、错综条件虚拟语气 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整，我们称之为错综条件虚拟语气。 If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在做得就会容易些了。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会做得这么好了。 三、含蓄虚拟语气 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。常见单词有with, without, but, otherwise, or, but for等等，我们称之为含蓄虚拟语气。 But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件) With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help相当于虚拟条件句) 动词wish后宾语从句，if only引导的条件句及感叹句，as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句的虚拟语气 事实情况 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could/might/should +动词原形 I wish I could argue with you. If only I were as clever as you！ I wish I hadn’t become so conscious of every little change. I wish it would stop raining. Don't treat me as if I were a child. 五、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气 ( http: / / zhidao. / search word=%D0%E9%C4%E2%D3%EF%C6%F8&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8 )句型。 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来) I would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。 六、考点练透 1. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time. 2. Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I (be) there. If we (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I (injured). If we (book) a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I (follow) your advice. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it (happen) yesterday. It is required in some colleges that lights in students’ dorms (switch) off by 11 o’clock. It is necessary that every student (work) hard. But for the help of my English teacher, I (win) the first prize in the English Writing Competition. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____(rain) all day. The doctor recommended that you (swim) a ... ...