第2讲 被动语态（六种常考题型） 【知识梳理1】语态的分类及构成 1 【知识梳理2】被动语态的句法功能 3 【知识梳理3】被动语态的特殊使用情况 5 课堂检测 7 题型一：一般现在时的被动语态 7 题型二：一般过去时的被动语态，10题 8 题型三：一般将来时的被动语态，10题 9 题型四：现在完成时的被动语态，10题 10 题型五：含情态动词的被动语态，10题 11 题型六：主动表被动，10题 12 题型七：被动语态综合混合检验，10题 13 【知识梳理1】语态的分类及构成 教学建议： 由于此部分是复习课，建议老师采取以教代学的方式让学生各自负责一个知识点进行讲解，其他学生进行提问。老师在过程中进行补充和总结。 一、基本概念: 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人或物完成的，则用被动语态。 二、语态的分类及构成 1. 动词的语态有两种：一种是主动语态（主语是动作的执行者），另一种是被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）。 2. 被动语态的构成： 助动词be +（not）+（及物动词的）过去分词 此时，由助动词be来反映时态的变化，常见有以下八种形式： 一般现在时 am +过去分词 is are 一般过去时 was +过去分词 were 一般将来时 shall be+过去分词 will 现在完成时 has been+过去分词 have 现在进行时 am being+过去分词 is are 过去进行时 was being+过去分词 were 过去将来时 should be+过去分词 would 过去完成时 had been+过去分词 情态动词 +（not）+ be +（及物动词的）过去分词 can be+（及物动词）过去分词 may must 批注：这部分是重点内容，涉及到不同时态的被动语态变化，要让学生关注时态是如何体现的，尤其是完成时和进行时的被动语态。具体技巧下面例句之后会有总结 【知识梳理2】被动语态的句法功能 1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。 e.g.: Her book will be brought tomorrow morning. 3. 汉语中的无主语，在英语中用被动语态 。 e.g.: Smoking is not allowed in public places. 将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语，另一个宾语不变（一般都是把表示人的宾语即间接宾语变为主语；若要把表示物的直接宾语变成被动句的主语，则被动句中需要在表示人的间接宾语前加上与其相搭配的介词）；其它变化同一般情况。 We gave her some books. →She was given some books (by us). →Some books were given to her by us. He showed me a ticket. →I was showed a ticket (by him). →A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →I was bought a new bike (by my father). →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. → He can’t be laugh at by us. He listens to the radio every day. → The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. → The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 主动语态： 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 （执行者） （承受者） 被动语态： 主语 + be + 过去分词（+ by + 执行者） （承受者）一般省略 【例题精讲】 1. The government has built many parking places for car owners this year. (改为被动语态) Many parking places for car owners ____ ____ built by the government this ... ...
