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课件网) 第一讲 词性、句子成分及基本句型 英语词法 1.词类 英语中有十大词类，可以分为实词和虚词 实词，是具备一定词汇意义，在句中可独立担任句子成分的词。 虚词，起结构作用，在句中表明词和词或句子中各个部分的关系词。 2.词的意义和作用 英语中的每个词都有其特定的作用，在句子中承担不同的功能。 基 数 词 序 数 词 句子成分 句子中最重要的两成分就是主语和谓语。英语中句子成分一般可以分为八种。 （1）主语（Subject）它是句子的主体，句子所要说明的人或事，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。常用n, pron, num, to-do, v-ing, clause来担任。 The old lady told a joke but it fell flat. They say we`re going to have a hot summer. Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. What you did is quite right. （2）谓语（Predicate）它说明主语的动作或状态的部分。一般由动词(及物和不及物)或动词短语来担任。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has worked at the dress shop since 1994. He laughed at his classmates. The parents were invited to work shop on the last day of camp. 谓语的形式： 原形、三单、过去式、 情态动词/助动词+do don't/doesn't/didn't+动词原形、 have/has/had done... be + done （3）宾语（Object）是及物动词的对象或者介词所表示的某种联系的对象。不及物动词后面不能接宾语，加上某个介词后才能加宾语。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语，宾语一般由n,pron,num,to-do,doing,clause来担任。 1)He wants to buy a book. 2)We should learn from him. 3)He gave me a book. 4)Do you mind opening the window 5)He wants to dream a nice dream. 6)We need know what others are doing. (动词宾语) (介词宾语) (间接宾语；直接宾语) 动名词 不定式 句子 （4）表语（Predicative）它在连系动词之后表示主语的性质,特征,状态或身份的部分。一般由n, pron, adj, num, to-do, v-ing, clause, prep.phrase 来担任。 My father is a professor. Who's that in the photo It's me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. The story of my life may be of help to others. I was tired. His plan is to seek work in the city. 名词 n 代词 pron 形容词 adj -ing形式的adj -ed形式的adj to do不定式 句子 介词短语 ①状态系动词： ②感官系动词： ③变化系动词： ④持续系动词： ⑤表象系动词： ⑥终止系动词： am,is,are,was,were look, sound, feel, smell, taste get, grow, become, turn, go, fall keep, remain, stay seem, appear prove(证明是), turn out(结果是,证明是) （5）定语（Attributive）用来对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,常用形容词或与之相当的结构来承担,翻译成“……的” Two boys need two pens. His name is Tom. The boy needs a ball pen. The boy in blue is Tom. The boy there needs a pen. There is nothing to do today. The pen bought by her is made in China. The boy you will know is Tom. 定语位置： 单个单词作定语通常位于被修饰词前。 复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后； 不定式/分词短语/介词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰词后； 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 6. 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分， 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等 常用副词或与之相当的结构来承担。 I left ... ...
