(课件网) UNIT 1 How can we become good learners？ 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus－4c) 目 录 CONTENTS 01 语法解析 02 语法通关练 03 综合提升练 介词 by 的用法归纳 介词 by 可以用来表示方位、时间、手段等，其用法在 中考中曾多次出现。 一、by意为“通过……，靠……，凭……”，其后加名词、 代词或动词的-ing形式，在句中作 状语。可以用来 回答 引导的疑问句。 e. g. You can practice playing soccer . 你可以通过加入一个运动俱乐部来练习踢足球。 方式 how by joining a sports club 二、by＋地点名词。表方位，意为“在……旁边”。 e. g. We live . 我们住在海边。 by the sea 三、by＋时间名词。意为“到……时为止(已发生某事)；最 晚；在……之前”，此时句子可用完成时。如：by now/ then/ next Friday/ the end of last year/ three o’clock 等。 e. g. I must be in bed . 我必须在 10 点之前睡觉。 by ten o’clock 四、by＋交通工具、交通方式名词(名词前不加冠词，不变复 数)。意为 “乘……”。如：by train/ taxi/ plane/ bus/ bike/ boat/sea/ air等。 e. g. I went to Beijing . 我乘飞机去了北京。 by plane 五、by＋反身代词，构成 by oneself。意为“独自、单独”。 e. g. I am afraid to go out at night. 晚上我不敢独自外出。 六、by＋sb.可用于被动语态，表示“由、被某人”，用于引 出动作的发出者。 e. g. The movie was made by a famous director. 这部电影由一位著名的导演制作。 by myself 七、by 的常见短语有： by the way 顺便说一句 step by step 一步步地 by oneself 单独，独自 go by (时光)流逝 by the end of… 到……末为止 by the time… 到……时候 by accident/chance 意外，偶然 by mistake 错误地 by hand 用手，手工 一、完成句子。 1. 他以教别人绘画谋生。 He made his living by others to paint. 2. 汤姆正站在窗户边，看着树上的鸟儿。 Tom is standing ， looking at the birds in the tree. teaching by the window 二 三 四 五 一 3. 多拉今天早上不得不乘坐公交车去学校，因为下雨了。 Dora had to go to school this morning because of rain. 4. 到上学期末，迈克已经学习了五首中文歌曲。 Mike had learned.five Chinese songs last term. by bus by the end of 二 三 四 五 一 5. 我不会仓促行事，我会一步步来。 I am not rushing into doing anything and I am taking it . step by step 二 三 四 五 一 二、按要求完成句子，每空一词。 6. About two fifths of the students in our class ride a bike to school.(改为同义句) About two fifths of the students in our class go to school . by bike 二 三 四 五 一 7. Lily said that she was able to finish the work alone.(改为同义句) Lily said that she was able to finish the work . 8. He repaired the old bike last week.(改为被动语态) The old bike was repaired last week. by herself by him 二 三 四 五 一 三、根据汉语提示写出正确的单词。 9. More and more students find (物理)very interesting. 10. The (化学)teacher has a special way to make his students interested in his class. 11. Excuse me， would you please (重复)what you said just now？ I didn’t hear you clearly. 12. Peter (记录)down every word the teacher said just now. physics chemistry repeat noted 二 三 四 五 一 四、完成句子。 13. 黛西通过用英语写日记来提高英语写作技巧。 Daisy improves her English writing sk ... ...
