Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures———限制性定语从句(3) 1.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 2.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. 3.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece，and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. 4.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. 5.Here is the man whom you’ve been looking for. 6.She still remembers the day on which she won the prize. 【自主发现】 1.句1－6画线部分都是限制性定语从句。 2.句2、4和5中，先行词都是表示人或物的名词，所以其后的定语从句用关系代词whom或者that 等来引导；句2、4中先行词在从句中作的都是主语，关系代词不能省略。 3.句1、3中，先行词分别是表示时间和地点的名词，且在后面的从句中作状语，所以用关系副词 when 和 where来引导。 4.句4中，which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词UNESCO。 一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 二者在形式上，非限制性定语从句用逗号与先行词隔开，限制性定语从句则不用逗号隔开。除此之外还有下列区别： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 功能不同 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，不可去掉，否则主句意思不完整 对先行词补充说明，可去掉，去掉后主句意思仍完整 先行词不同 名词、代词或名词性短语 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句 关系词的使用情况不同 that，which，who，whom，whose，as，where，when，why which，who，whom，whose，as，where，when 翻译方式不同 一般译为定语 一般译为并列分句 My elder sister who has settled in Beijing sends me an e－mail almost every day.(限制性定语从句) 我已在北京定居的姐姐几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。 My elder sister，who has settled in Beijing，sends me an e－mail almost every day.(非限制性定语从句) 我姐姐已在北京定居，她几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。 The film(which/that) I saw a few days ago is well worth seeing.(限制性定语从句) 我几天前看过的那部电影很值得一看。 The film，which I saw a few days ago，is well worth seeing.(非限制性定语从句) 那部电影很值得一看，我几天前看过。 二、关系副词和关系代词的区别 关系副词和关系代词的选择根据先行词在定语从句中作的成分来确定。若是作状语，则用关系副词或“介词＋which”；若是作主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词。 种 类 功能 先行词 关系 代词 that 主语、宾语 人或物 which 主语、宾语 物 who 主语、宾语 人 whom 宾语 人 whose 定语 人或物 as 主语、宾语、表语 人或物 关系 副词 when 时间状语 时间 where 地点状语 地点 why 原因状语 reason I’ll never forget the days (that/which) I spent with my teacher.(that/which在从句中作宾语) 我永远也忘不了我同老师一起度过的日子。 I’ll never forget the days when I played with you.(when在从句中作时间状语) 我绝不会忘记和你一起玩耍的日子。 The factory (that/which) we visited yesterday was built last year.(that/which在从句中作宾语) 昨天我们参观的工厂是去年建成的。 The factory where he works was built last y ... ...
